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In the dining room of her summer home, “Greywood,” Kennebunkport, Maine 








Representative Women 

*Being a Little Qallery of Pen Portraits 
by 

LOIS OLDHAM HENRICI 


INTRODUCTION BY ADA M. KASSIMER 


Give us labor and tbe training wbicL fits for labor. 
We demand tbis not for ourselves alone, but for tbe 
race .—Olive Schreiner. 


THE CRAFTERS : PUBLISHERS 

Kansas City, Missouri. 











COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY LOIS OLDHAM HENRICI 



THE CRAFTERS' PRESS 



FEB "4 1915 



©CI.A391603 



TO 

MY MOTHER 

VPho, with generations of other mothers, has spent 
her life in sacrifices of which the world will never 
know, whose ambitions have been willingly buried 
beneath her duty to her children, and without whose 
deep love and keen appreciation this book could not 
have been written. 



































































































































CONTENTS. 


Page 

Foreword. 17 

Introduction. 19 

Madame Curie. 29 

Elsie de Wolfe. 39 

Cecile Chaminade. 46 

Lillian Nordica. 52 

Maud Powell. 61 

Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler. 69 

Maria Montessori.. . . 73 

Hetty Green. 84 

Margaret Deland and Edith Wharton. ... 93 

Jane Addams. 102 

Rose O'Neill.Ill 

Abastenia Eberle.120 

Maude Adams. 129 

Julia Marlowe.133 

Sarah Bernhardt.137 

Ellen Key.142 

List of Notable Women.151 




































\ 















♦ 


1 




ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page 

Margaret Deland.Frontispiece 

Madame Curie. 27 

Elsie de Wolfe. 37 

Cecile Chaminade. 47 

Lillian Nordica. 53 

Maud Powell. 59 

Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler. 67 

Doctor Maria Montessori. 73 

Hetty Green. 85 

Edith Wharton. 99 

Jane Addams.103 

Rose O’Neill.109 

Abastenia Eberle.121 

Sarah Bernhardt! 

Maude Adams [ .127 

Julia Marlowe J 

Ellen Key.143 











































The author and the publishers are grateful for 
the courtesy and assistance of The Kansas City 
Star, The Kansas City Public Library, the 
General Federation J^Iagazine, The Photo¬ 
graphic Duo, The Etude, Frederich A. Stohes 
Co., Aime Dupont and J'T.athilda VFeil. 




FOREWORD. 


When preparing to write e( Representative 
Women” I determined in selecting the women 
for the articles and for the accompanying list, 
not to he influenced in any way by personal 
feeling or opinion, hut to choose them accord¬ 
ing to the high standard of their work, re¬ 
gardless of nationality or kind of work, and 
according to the consensus of opinion of recog¬ 
nized critics. 

It would seem a simple undertaking to 
select seventeen women from out the whole 
world who hy their own efforts have risen to 
the very heights in their professions and one 
hundred more, whose achievements have 
placed them beyond the list of just “successful 
women,” hut on going over files and search¬ 
ing through lists arranged hy well known 
authorities, I found myself overwhelmed at 
the great army of women whose successes 
have given them more than ordinary promi¬ 
nence in their own and other countries. I 
would have liked to have included all the lists 
of noble women who are endeavoring and 
striving so earnestly to make their work and 
their lives count in the world. 

The writing of the sketches has been 
fascinating work indeed, and in each case it 
has been difficult to decide which is the more 
interesting—the woman herself, or the work 
she does, as one who has achieved great things 
could not fail to have an interesting person¬ 
ality. In every instance it has been noticable 


the absorbing interest each woman gave to 
her work, approaching it almost reverently 
and with such faith in the worth of it that she 
felt confident of success and gave up unhesitat¬ 
ingly all personal ambition to accomplish it. 
What we name genius is more often the re¬ 
sult of concentrated application, rather than a 
divine gift from Heaven, as we are wont to 
think, and no great work has ever been accotn- 
plished without one first having a great faith 
in that work and in oneself. Such infinite 
patience as Madame Curie has demonstrated, 
such love for humanity as Jane Addams has 
shown, and Doctor Montessori’s great desire 
for the betterment of the child's mind and 
training, prove not merely genius, but concen¬ 
trated attention and an ability for persistent 
labor that has at last brought that for which 
they worked. 

While reading the lives of these women 
and studying the individual work of each, a 
feeling of great pride came over me, and I am 
grateful to be privileged to live in an age when 
so many women have taken advantage of their 
wonderful opportunities and have repaid the 
world so richly for those opportunities. 

L. O. H. 


INTRODUCTION. 

Awakened Womanhood. 

Today there is almost no field of labor in 
which women not only are working with effi¬ 
ciency and enthusiasm, but are reaching a 
height of perfection which is making them 
successful, to say nothing of the moral uplift 
and unselfish service the world is receiving. 

Erstwhile success was gain chiefly for 
the individual; now success is beginning to 
mean a betterment for all. 

Womanhood now as always recognizes 
motherhood as its highest duty, its greatest 
obligation, and the present awakened woman¬ 
hood sees its mission of motherhood, not only 
in the narrowed home immediately about it, 
but in the large human family, the world of 
activity, it sees how the affairs of men, women 
and children need the true mother instinct 
which in every phase of nature is one of un¬ 
selfish devotion, of unlimited service, of free¬ 
dom from combat for financial, social and 
personal supremacy. The inherent attributes 
of motherhood must combine with those of 
fatherhood to square the balance of justice 
for childhood. 

The world needs woman, her ideas, her 
way of reasoning, her insight, her sense of 
justice, her tender hands and her loving heart. 
The children of the world need her; for a 
long time they have been governed by the 
masculine mind which has made laws for 


20 


Representative Women 


them, established educational plans for them, 
opened juvenile courts for them, founded fac¬ 
tories, mills, mines in which little hands have 
hardened, little bodies have been dwarfed, 
young minds and hearts grown prematurely 
old—and this, not because the masculine mind 
and the masculine heart would intentionally 
be drastic, but because men are not women, 
and fatherhood cannot be motherhood. 

The children of the world need mother¬ 
hood now. The masculine mind has, all un¬ 
knowingly, because of its inability to be femi¬ 
nine and its indifference and futile resentment 
to feminine attributes, failed to bring into its 
unceasing maintenance, its wise counsel and 
its brave protection, the keener insight, the 
unselfish service, the eternal devotion, the un¬ 
solicited sympathy, which woman alone can 
bring. This omission, for which the mas¬ 
culine mind cannot be blamed, having none 
of the tender mother instincts, cries aloud for 
a redeemer. 

Manhood through industry has prepared 
for woman a safer world in which to begin 
her work than perhaps she herself could have 
prepared with her lesser bodily strength. 

Woman steps upon the path of progress 
to find it no rut-hewn road, no rocky, briary 
byway of uncollected knowledge and inexperi¬ 
ence; she steps firmly upon a Broadway 
paved, polished, flanked with skyscrapers of 



Introduction 


21 


hoarded wealth, stored with power and ma¬ 
terials, myriad; she finds a man-made world. 

Emerson said, “Rotation is the law of 
nature.” The masculine cycle must begin to 
revolve; it has perhaps exhausted its creative 
knowledge—taught its last lesson that it can 
teach without help and inspiration from an 
independent source. 

In the last decade woman has awakened; 
she has found herself physically, morally, in¬ 
tellectually ; she has been strengthened to break 
her shackles. The bond woman is free; true 
womanhood has been unlocked in her heart; 
the vision of a human family made pure, 
happy, progressive, harmonious, has broken 
through her night and leads her on to her 
God-given mission, to answer the cry of the 
children! 

The law of rotation! The feminine mind 
now approaches, rallies and is fitted to be 
co-worker with the masculine mind in the 
world’s progress. The cry of the children! 
The union and equality of manhood and 
womanhood, fatherhood and motherhood, will 
come perforce! 

May it not be that this union, this equal¬ 
ity, this fusion of the masculine mind and the 
feminine mind with singleness of purpose 
will bring about what is meant by the new 
heaven and the new earth, a God-made world! 

The noonday is not yet, but the true 



22 


Representative Women 


dawn approaches. Both great men and great 
women today have uppermost in their vision 
a world made purer, happier through the con¬ 
servation of child life. 

These women, good, great and noble, who 
are selected here as representatives of awak¬ 
ened womanhood, are each bringing talent, 
toil, earnestness, and love to aid in the uni¬ 
versal motherhood. Doctor Maria Montessori, 
the truly noble Roman, perhaps the noblest 
of them all, has opened the new door which 
will let in the sunshine of happy, healthy 
childhood; Jane Addams, great mother heart, 
has picked God's children from the gutters 
and followed the demand of the Christ, to 
heal the sick, feed the hungry; Ellen Key, 
Swedish teacher, pulls down the bars that 
hamper women's freedom; Abastenia Eberle, 
the American sculptor, has in her “Innocence" 
turned virgin marble into breathing reality 
and placed it where the owners of big purses 
and powerful influence can view and con¬ 
sider; Rose O'Neill, our own clever artist, 
writer, lover of child life, makes many a 
mother's heart warm with her chubby, laugh¬ 
ing, energetic baby “kewpies"; Marie Curie, 
discoverer of radium, has touched a magic 
power the marvelous importance of which is 
as yet undreamed; Elsie de Wolfe encourages 
simplicity versus luxury in the home and her 
book just published, “The House in Good 



Introduction 


23 


Taste,” will help to bring the value of beauty 
in the home to the hearts of many mothers; 
Margaret Deland and Edith Wharton, con¬ 
trasting novelists, are working earnestly for 
the uplift through their stories; Cecile Cham- 
inade, Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler, Maud Pow¬ 
ell, Lillian Nordica, Sarah Bernhardt, Maude 
Adams, Julia Marlowe, workers in the realms 
of music and art, press closely their earnest¬ 
ness and life lessons to the hearts.of multi¬ 
tudes. While their work is not so specific 
in the fact, nor can its uplift be singled into 
individual cases, yet the world is made pure 
and happy by the tones of the piano, the 
violin and the velvet of the singing and 
speaking voice. Womanhood, hard work, and 
talent turned into the channels of art bring 
joy to the burdened, rest to the weary. 

These women, and those like them who 
shall follow, whom the world crowns with 
laurel and whom God blesses, these are the 
representatives of awakened womanhood, the 
spirit of the larger motherhood. 

—Ada M. Kassimer. 







“There is no door at which the hand of woman has 
knocked for admission into a new field of toil hut 
there have heen found on the other side the hands 
of strong and generous men eager to turn it for her 

almost before she knocks/'- VC^oman and Lalor 

Olive Schreiner 























MADAME CURIE 
















\ 
















MADAME CURIE. 

“The Hypatia of the Sorbonne.” 

A number of years ago in a chemical 
laboratory in Warsaw a tiny girl trotted 
about after her father as he worked among 
his instruments, asking questions and try¬ 
ing to fathom with her baby mind the 
mystery and necessity for so many curious 
things. Surely, she thought, there must be 
something very wonderful and very fascin¬ 
ating to so occupy her father and keep him 
always busy, while the father in the midst 
of his experiments and deep abstraction 
paused long enough to make a companion 
of his little daughter and try in a measure 
to fill the dead mother's place as he ex¬ 
plained many things and gave her small 
tasks to perform for him. 

Later, at an age when other girls were 
intent on their dolls, this same little girl 
put away her toys and found her amuse¬ 
ments in retorts, crucibles and test tubes. 
Of her own accord she constituted herself 
her father's “washer" and in a large apron 
which threatened to envelop her com¬ 
pletely, reveled to her heart’s content, wash¬ 
ing and cleaning flasks, beakers, mortars 
and pipettes. 

Marie Salome Sklodowska was the little 
girl in the long apron, and she came into 
the world on November 7, 1868. Her 
mother was a Swede and her father a Polish 


30 


Representative Women 


Jew, who occupied the chair of chemistry in 
the university of Warsaw, and like many 
other professors, was not over burdened 
with money, but nevertheless spent a large 
part of his income on scientific experiments. 
So Marie handled reverently such articles 
as were intrusted to her care, asked ques¬ 
tions and helped with experiments, all un¬ 
conscious that day by day she was laying 
the foundation for a work which was to 
make her the world-famous Madame Curie, 
the only woman who has ever performed a 
scientific discovery of any importance and 
who has placed woman for the first time 
side by side with man in the world of 
science. 

She grew into womanhood like thou¬ 
sands of others in Warsaw “under the heel 
of the Russian boot/' and under the eyes of 
a government jealous of all scientific in¬ 
vestigation. Like other Polish students 
who grew up in this atmosphere she de¬ 
veloped a “fierce and revolutionary” patriot¬ 
ism. She. was admitted into the secrets of 
many Polish student revolutionary societies 
formed among her father’s pupils, and it is 
hinted by some of her father’s friends of 
that time that she wrote for one or two of 
the patriotic sheets. She says that in the 
university in which her father taught that 
in all the corridors there were finger posts 



Madame Curie 


31 


pointing to Siberia. 

She completed the usual course in the 
Warsaw Gymnasium when about sixteen 
years old and later worked in the physics 
laboratory of the Industrial Museum. 
When she was about eighteen years old 
she won a travel prize given by the Zurich 
Polish Scientific Association, which brought 
her an income of $20 a month. 

The ambition to become a great scien¬ 
tist had been steadily growing within her 
and she was ready and anxious to make any 
sacrifice to that ambition. Her own coun¬ 
try did not favor higher education for 
women, and believing that Paris of all the 
world offered the greatest opportunities for 
which she longed, she took her place there 
in the already large colony of Russian 
women students. One authority tells us 
that she fled from Paris in disguise because 
the government at St. Petersburg had be¬ 
gun to pry into the secrets of some of the 
student societies and she would have had 
to appear as witness against some of her 
father's pupils. 

She lived in extreme poverty, having 
only the barest necessities, and devoting 
her whole heart and mind and soul to her 
work. She had only the practical knowl- 
edge gained in her father's laboratory, but 
she remembered well all the lessons he had 



32 


Representative Women 


taught her, and with but one purpose in 
mind, that of perfecting herself by study, 
she took the free course in physics, chem¬ 
istry and mathematics at the Sorbonne, 
which she accomplished in a brilliant man¬ 
ner. 

Here she met and married Pierre Curie, 
a professor of chemistry and physics, w'ho 
had already acquitted himself of good work, 
and as by this time Madame Curie occupied 
the position of Professor of physics at the 
high school of Sevres, they rented* a small 
place in one of the suburbs of Paris and 
came in on bicycles each morning to their 
work. Later they rented apartments on 
the Boulevard Kellerman, and here Madame 
Curie built herself a little laboratory, where 
night after night she worked carrying on 
her experiments. 

In 1896 when Henri Becquerel discov¬ 
ered the radio-active properties of uranium 
it was found that some of the minerals, 
such as pitchblende, were more active than 
the uranium itself, and this suggested the 
thought that such minerals might contain 
small quantities of some substance or sub¬ 
stances possessing radio-active properties in 
a very high degree. 

Accordingly Professor and Madame 
Curie subjected a large amount of pitchblende 
to a long and laborious process of experiment, 



Madame Curie 


33 


with the result that in 1898 they announced 
the existence of two highly radio-active 
substances—radium and polonium, the lat¬ 
ter which Madame Curie named for her na¬ 
tive country, Poland. In 1903 they were 
given the Davy medal of the Royal Society in 
recognition of their discovery, and in the 
same year the Nobel prize for physics was 
divided between them and Henri Bacquerel. 
Professor Curie was offered the Legion of 
Honor, but refused it because it was not 
also offered to his wife. In 1905 he was 
elected to the Academy of Sciences, and a 
year later, just when the world was expect¬ 
ing further results from this rare mind, he 
was run over by a dray in the streets of 
Paris and killed instantly. 

Madame Curie, who was left with their 
two little girls to care for, took her hus¬ 
band’s death as calmly and stoically as she 
had withstood the hardships of her student 
days and with the same composure with 
which she had accepted the honors that had 
come to her. 

She was elected to take Professor 
Curie’s vacant chair at the Sorbonne, and 
quietly and without any ostentation she 
went on giving her lectures, lectures which 
the heads of all nations have flocked to 
hear, as well as the world’s greatest scien¬ 
tists, and at the same time achieved in her 



34 


Representative Women 


laboratory a scientific work which is de¬ 
clared to be even greater than that which 
she discovered with her husband. 

In 1908 Madame Curie received the 
Nobel prize in chemistry, and in 1911 it 
was announced that, with the aid of M. 
Debierne, she had succeeded in isolating the 
tenth part of a milligram of polonium, a 
substance which is five thousand times more 
rare than radium. This almost inconceiv¬ 
ably small portion is said to be the largest 
amount yet obtained, and it was secured 
through the combining of five tons of pitch¬ 
blende with hydrochloric acid. It is far 
more radio-active than radium and much 
more productive of alpha rays, but wastes 
away very rapidly. The quantity of pol¬ 
onium which Madame Curie isolated wasted 
one-half in one hundred and forty days, 
while it is calculated that radium will not 
lose any appreciable atom of volume of 
strength in a thousand years. It is of such 
power that the small amount which was 
kept in a vase of quartz, which, as a rule, is 
unaffected by chemicals, was cracked and 
split in many directions by the polonium. 

With all the honors which have been 
heaped upon her, Madame Curie has re¬ 
mained the most modest and unassuming 
person imaginable. She is the same silent, 
undemonstrative woman she was when the 



Madame Curie 


35 


world first heard of her. She dresses with 
extreme plainness, her complexion is ashen 
and her hair lusterless, as of one brought 
up in stove-heated rooms. In the midst of 
her busy life she has found time to be a 
companion to her two little girls, sewing 
for them and directing their studies, and 
has hopes that the older one will develop a 
love for science and become her pupil. 

In her lectures she confines herself 
closely to statements, and offers nothing 
which has not been proved, however much 
she might have occasion for drawing an 
inference. She makes no display and says 
what she has to say with a straightforward¬ 
ness which is void of any desire for effect. 

Like many scientists, she is very ab¬ 
stracted, and when at work is oblivious to 
all that goes on about her. Her friends de¬ 
light to tell the story that one day a servant 
burst into the room when she was deep in 
the midst of an experiment crying, “Mad¬ 
ame, Madame, I have swallowed a pin!” 
Without looking up Madame Curie an¬ 
swered soothingly, “There, there! don’t 
cry. Here is another you may have,” and 
went on uninterruptedly with her work. 
When the story has been told in her pres¬ 
ence, she makes no effort to contradict it, 
but smiles leniently, and in all probability 



36 


Representative Women 


does not remember whether it happened or 
not. 

Some months ago the whole world suf¬ 
fered a shock when the scandal involving 
Madame Curie and Professor Langevin, 
also of the Sorbonne, was aired in the news¬ 
papers, and while there was much excited 
discussion, and at least three duels were 
fought by editors, Paris would not forget 
the importance of her scientific discoveries 
and refused to look at the affair in the light 
of a great scandal. 

However, only within the last few 
days the announcement has come that 
goaded by her own conscience, and in her 
heart deeply regretting the error she com¬ 
mitted, she has fled to Warsaw, her girl¬ 
hood home, to take refuge in a laboratory 
which is connected with the Warsaw So¬ 
ciety of Science, where she will devote her¬ 
self to her work, far removed from the 
world and all that serves to remind her of 
this unhappy chapter in her life. The world 
in general may judge harshly the woman, 
Madame Curie, but it must at the same 
time bow down before the discoveries of 
Madame Curie, the scientist. 




PHOTOGRAPH BY SARONY 


ELSIE DE WOLFE 


























ELSIE DE WOLFE. 

“Our Lady of the Decorations 

In this day of “careers,” when so many 
women are doing such wonderful things in 
a busy world, if one, through her own ef¬ 
forts and persistence, works her way up to 
rank with the very highest in her profes¬ 
sion, society and friends are not chary with 
their praise; but when she succeeds so well 
in two great undertakings that she stands 
at the top in both, the whole world is quick 
to acknowledge her genius. And that is 
what Elsie de Wolfe, actress and star for 
thirteen years and now our busiest and most 
famous interior decorator, has done. 

Miss de Wolfe was born in 1865 in 
New York. Her father, Stephen de Wolfe, 
and her mother, who was before her mar¬ 
riage Georgina Copeland, were people of 
education and means, and it is said that she 
inherits her artistic ability from her father. 
When very young she developed a strong 
love for the beautiful and displayed just as 
intense a dislike for ugly things, and as an 
illustration there is told a little story which 
shows how decided her childish feelings 
were on the subject. 

When she was quite small, so small, in 
fact, that her opinion on any subject would 
scarcely have been considered, the family 
drawing room was to be papered, and she 
was as excited as if she had been a grown 


40 


Representative Women 


up young lady and was expecting to receive 
callers there. During lessons she could not 
keep her mind off the wonderful new paper 
which was to be, and immediately when 
school was out she rushed home to discuss 
and talk about the interesting occurrence. 
Finally, on the day when the room was to 
be finished she flew home as if on wings, 
rushed pell mell to the drawing room, gave 
one look at the paper, which evidently the 
family had considered beautiful, and sitting 
down on the floor gave vent to her disap¬ 
pointment in wails and howls which drew 
the family in great alarm. Miss de Wolfe, 
who remembers the incident perfectly, says 
that no doubt her father and mother at¬ 
tributed the outburst to just plain naughti¬ 
ness, but she knows it was “just hatred of 
ugliness/' 

While she was still a very young girl 
her father died and soon after she and an¬ 
other equally ambitious girl, Elizabeth Mar- 
bury, went to France—Miss de Wolfe to 
study for the stage and Miss Marbury to 
study the history of the drama. This won¬ 
derful friendship between Miss de Wolfe 
and Miss Marbury has lasted through 
twenty-five years, and today in their home 
in New York City there exists the same 
comradeship and understanding which took 
them through their student days. They 



Elsie de Wolfe 


41 


made a veritable lark of their self-imposed 
tasks, lived in a pension on six francs a day, 
were perfectly independent, attended strict¬ 
ly to their own affairs and were sublimely 
happy. On one occasion they made a trip 
on bicycles, not even allowing themselves 
the luxuries of trains or hotels, and spent 
the enormous sum of eight dollars, but on 
their return Miss de Wolfe wrote up the 
adventure so graphically that an American 
magazine paid her two hundred dollars, 
which covered the expense of the eight-dol- 
lar trip as well as the trip to France. 

They returned to America and in 1891 
Elsie de Wolfe made her debut on the stage 
at Proctor’s Twenty-third Street theatre in 
New York as Fabienne Lecoulteur in 
“Thermidor,” with Forbes-Robertson. She 
was a Frohman star from the beginning, 
and for the following thirteen years devoted 
herself to acting, achieving fresh success 
with each new part she created, and in 
1901 played in “The Way of the World” 
and toured the United States under her own 
management. While on the stage, she de¬ 
signed her own clothes and costumes and 
thought out her stage settings. She became 
known as the best dressed woman in New 
York and greatly influenced other women 
to dress better and more simply. She intro¬ 
duced that most sensible of garments, the 



42 


Representative Women 


walking skirt, and the first one made in 
Paris was designed especially for her. It 
created a sensation and was copied immedi¬ 
ately by American dressmakers and was 
popular from the very beginning. 

While she was on the stage, in the 
midst of her busy life she still found time 
for study and reading, and though she was 
wholly unconscious of it, she was preparing 
herself for this work of interior decorating. 
She was deeply interested in Eighteenth 
Century art and in her own home was con¬ 
stantly changing and rearranging her fur¬ 
niture, eliminating useless and unnecessary 
things, serenely unconscious that she was 
developing an idea which was to make her 
famous and amass a comfortable fortune. 

When she finally left the stage and an¬ 
nounced her intention of devoting herself 
to this new work the public shook its head 
and predicted that she would not be able to 
remain away from the theatre and assured 
themselves confidently that after a brief rest 
she would return to them; that the new 
work was just a pleasant fancy and would 
soon pass away. 

But Miss de Wolfe understood her 
work and herself and is more than satisfied 
with her choice. 

Her first large contract was the interior 
decorating and furnishing of the new 



Elsie de Wolfe 


43 


Colony Club of New York. She spent two 
years collecting and designing the fabrics 
and furniture, and before the work was com¬ 
pleted other orders began pouring in faster 
than she was able to take care of them, and 
when it was completed her fame and for¬ 
tune were assured. In eight years she has 
built up a business that ranks her not only 
with successful business women, but with 
the very successful business men of New 
York. 

Miss de Wolfe and Miss Marbury own 
two beautiful homes, one in New York City 
and their summer home, the Villa Trianon, 
“a regular sleeping beauty of a house and 
garden,” in Versailles, which was offered to 
them through the kindly efforts of Victorien 
Sardou, and which they have restored to 
wonderful beauty. Their New York home 
is equally interesting, being once the home 
of Diedrich Knickerbocker and in the same 
neighborhood in which Washington Irving 
had his home. This old fashioned house is 
charming beyond description. Here Miss 
de Wolfe has allowed herself perfect free¬ 
dom in carrying out her ideas and this 
house, perhaps better than any other, illus¬ 
trates her rare taste and extraordinary 
ability. It is simple, not crowded, but fur¬ 
nished with good plain furniture and ar¬ 
tistic with many wonderful things which 



44 


Representative Women 


she and Miss Marbury have collected on 
their travels. She has a wonderful library 
in which is a series of works on the courts 
of France in both French and English and 
she has gathered almost every memoir, his¬ 
tory and volume of letters published on the 
subject. While on the stage nearly all of 
her plays had some connection with French 
and English history and she made the col¬ 
lection in her endeavor to obtain a clearer 
understanding of the mental and moral tone 
of the times. 

In decorating, her idea is simplicity 
rather than grandeur. She has introduced 
chintzes instead of plush, comfort instead 
of stiffness, painted furniture and light 
draperies. Fresh air and sunshine are Miss 
de Wolfe's hobbies and she rejects without 
hesitation, no matter how lovely, any article 
which threatens to darken or make unsani¬ 
tary. When she takes over the decorating 
of a millionaire's house it is with the idea 
that she is going to make a “home" rather 
than a millionaire’s palace. She has the 
rare ability to be able to carry all the de¬ 
tails of a large house in her mind from the 
most important piece of furniture to the 
least, and knows at once whether a thing 
will be suited to her needs. 

During the last year she has written a 
series of articles on home furnishing for 



Elsie de Wolfe 


45 


several of the leading magazines, which 
makes it possible for those who cannot have 
her services directly at least to use her ideas 
and so make their homes more livable and 
artistic. 

Miss de Wolfe has demonstrated clearly 
that it is possible for a woman to do more 
than one kind of work in this world and yet 
do it all well. Miss Marbury, who perhaps 
knows her better than anyone else, sums up 
her genius in a few brief sentences. “The 
qualities that make her successful are in¬ 
born good taste first, and then a remark¬ 
able moral courage. She never gives way 
under great moral tests, although little 
things annoy her greatly. The greater the 
obstacle, the more keenly she forces herself 
to overcome it. This is the fundamental 
reason of her success.” 



CECILE CHAMINADE. 

Greatest Woman Composer. 


Strange as it may seem, the world today 
has but five women composers who have 
achieved extraordinary fame in their chosen 
work. America claims two, England one, 
Germany one and France has the honor of 
having for her country-woman, the one 
woman of great genius, the world famous 
and recognized greatest woman composer, 
in the person of Madame Louise Stephanie 
Cecile* Chaminade. 

Madame Chaminade is in reality Mad¬ 
ame Carbonnel. Her husband, M. Carbon- 
nel, who was a publisher of Marseilles, died 
seven or eight years ago, soon after their 
marriage and, after his death, Madame Car¬ 
bonnel took back her maiden name of 
Chaminade but retained the title of Madame. 

Madame Chaminade, as she is known to 
the world, was born in Paris in 1861. Her 
father, who was a government official in the 
navy department and well to do, was an 
excellent violin player and her mother was a 
gifted singer and pianist. Although there 
were no professional musicians in the family, 
Cecile Chaminade was brought up in a pure¬ 
ly musical atmosphere, as many musicians of 
note were friends of her parents. The “piano 
was her favorite companion’’ and almost 
from babyhood she devoted herself to its 
study. 



CECILE CHAMINADE 






Cecile Chaminade 


49 


It is said that she wrote her first com¬ 
positions when but five years old and they 
were afterwards published in a French maga¬ 
zine. When she was eight years old, she had 
the great delight of playing before Bizet, the 
composer of “Carmen/' who was a neighbor 
and close friend of the family and who ad¬ 
vised her parents, because of her unusual 
ability, to give her a complete musical edu¬ 
cation. Until she was fifteen years old, her 
mother was her only teacher, after which 
she studied fugue and counter point under 
Savard who taught Massenet and Saint- 
Saens, and she also studied with Le Coup- 
pey, Marsick and Benjamin Godard and 
made such rapid progress that she was soon 
in the front rank of composers. 

Madame Chaminade says she has al¬ 
ways composed, in reality, from the time 
she could play at all, harmonies were ring¬ 
ing in her ears and all her efforts met with 
encouragement from every side. 

She gave her first concert, which was 
the beginning of her career, when she was 
eighteen years old. While still a very young 
girl she wrote “The Amazons/' a dramatic 
symphony for solo voices, chorus and 
orchestra, and it was produced in Marseilles 
in 1888. Almost at the same time her other 
compositions began to attract attention and 
were heard in Paris at many concerts. 



50 


Representative Women 


Although her piano and orchestral 
compositions show rare genius, her greatest 
fame has been gained from her songs. She 
has written over sixty and all are of great 
beauty. For the piano, perhaps her best 
known compositions are etudes, sonatas, 
waltzes and five airs de ballet, among them 
the well known scarf dance. As a pianist, 
she has been heard in many of the large 
cities of Europe and has appeared in 
America several times, confining her pro¬ 
grams in this country to her own composi¬ 
tions. 

She has received many honors. In 
1888 she received the purple ribbon from 
the French Academy, in 1902 she was made 
an officer of public instruction and after a 
concert at the Conservatory of Athens she 
was presented with a laurel wreath from the 
students. She was decorated by the Sultan 
with the order of Chefakat, one of the high¬ 
est honors it is in his power to bestow and 
given only to people of rare genius, and 
within this last summer she received the 
Legion of Honor of France, a recognition 
which she shares with but one or two other 
women in the whole world. 

When she was a little girl her father 
built a beautiful country house in the village 
of Le Visinet, a suburb of Paris, where the 
family spent their summers, but in late 



Cecile Chaminade 


51 


years, now that her brother and two sisters 
are married and have homes of their own, 
Madame Chaminade, with her mother, her 
work and her pets, makes it her home the 
year round. 

Madame Chaminade is described as a 
small brown-haired woman of fascinating 
manners, who is French to her finger tips 
and loyal to French music and French 
composers. She is not of robust health and 
accepts almost no invitations. She prefers 
to work in the twilight and her work room 
is a tiny back room on the second floor, 
whose windows look out on a marvelous 
flower and vegetable garden of her own 
planning. 

Ambroise Thomas, the composer of 
“Mignon,” is said to have remarked of her: 
“This is not a woman who composes, but 
a composer who happens to be a woman.” 



LILLIAN NORDICA. 

“Plenty have natural voices equal to mine but I have 
worked.” 

Madame Nordica, or Lillian Norton, 
which sounds much, more American and 
as though she really belongs to us, was born 
in Farmington, Maine, in 1859. Her home, 
which is still standing, is an old fashioned 
story and a half house built on the same 
farm which was cleared by her great grand¬ 
father and where he built his log house and 
raised his family. 

Lillian Norton comes of a line of early 
pioneers of this country and inherits from 
them her “combativeness, strength, energy 
and perseverance,” which is everywhere so 
noticeable in her work and her achieve¬ 
ments. 

She was the youngest of six girls and 
no special attention was given to her musical 
training, until after the death of an older 
sister, whose voice had given much promise 
and for whose musical education the family 
had moved to Boston. 

After this sister’s death, Lillian, whose 
voice was next in promise and who was 
about fifteen years old, entered the New 
England Conservatory, under the instruc¬ 
tion of John O’Neill, who insisted on her 
devoting three years to technical exercises. 

Her first solos were sung in churches 
and, after her graduation from the Con- 



COPYRIGHT BY AIME DUPONT 


LILLIAN NORDICA 

(as brunhilde) 





Lillian Nordica 


55 


servatory, she sang in concerts in a number 
of large cities. She next studied in New 
York with Madame Maretzek and, in one 
summer, learned the scores of twelve operas. 

Through Madame Maretzek she became 
acquainted with Patrick Gilmore, the band 
master, who engaged her for a Western tour, 
during which she received her own and her 
mother's expenses and a salary of one hun¬ 
dred dollars a week, quite a contrast to the 
prima donna's later fifteen hundred dollars 
for one night's singing. Miss Norton's 
mother was her devoted companion and 
traveled with her almost constantly, until 
her death, in London, in 1892. 

The young soprano met with such suc¬ 
cess in this country that when Gilmore took 
his band to England he engaged her as his 
soloist and she appeared there in seventy- 
eight concerts, singing twice a day. From 
there the band went to Paris where she had 
the honor of being the first to sing in the 
new Trocadero. 

From Paris she went to Milan, where 
she studied with Sangiovanni and asked him 
to prepare her for the operatic stage. It is 
said that after this decision, owing to the 
opposition of her relatives, who had been 
very anxious for her to become an oratorio 
and concert singer, she changed her name 
to Nordica. 



56 


Representative Women 


Almost from the beginning of her musi¬ 
cal education she had been ambitious for an 
operatic career and, after some months of 
preparation with Sangiovanni, she obtained 
and filled successfully, engagements in Bres¬ 
cia, St. Petersburg and in Paris at the 
Grand Opera, “at that time the goal of all 
artists.” 

About this time she married Frederick 
A. Gower, of Rhode Island, and retired from 
the stage. Several years after their mar¬ 
riage, Mr. Gower, who was an enthusiastic 
balloonist, lost his life in an attempt to cross 
the English Channel, and Madame Nordica 
returned to the stage. She made her debut 
in Covent Garden, in London, in 1887, “with 
instant success,” and sang there for the next 
six seasons. 

Up to this time Madame Nordica had 
appeared principally in Italian and French 
operas, but in 1892 she was engaged by 
Madame Cosima Wagner to sing Elsa, in 
Lohengrin, at the coming Bayreuth Festival, 
an honor never before accorded an Ameri¬ 
can. The rehearsals occupied three months, 
during which time she lived with Madame 
Wagner whom, Madame Nordica says, 
taught her German and helped her in every 
way. 

This was a rare opportunity and her 
success was marvelous. 



Lillian Nordica 


57 


After this great triumph she sang Elsa 
in New York, but was compelled to sing it 
in Italian as the rest of the company did not 
speak German, and it is through her efforts 
that the Wagner operas are now sung in 
German. 

In 1896 Madame Nordica married Herr 
Zoltan Dome, a well known tenor from Ger¬ 
many, but their married life was not happy 
and they were divorced in 1904. 

For years it has been Madame Nor- 
dica’s ambition to found an American Bay¬ 
reuth on her magnificent property on the 
Hudson, where American girls may have 
the advantage of broader study and at the 
same time remain in their own country. 

Madame Nordica’s repertoire includes 
forty operas and all the standard oratorios. 
Critics call her “one of the most illustrious 
singers of the day, one of the glories of 
lyric art,” and declare that “her success in 
New York, Bayreuth and Munich have ac¬ 
corded her a place among the first of living 
artists.” 

In 1909 she became the wife of George 
W. Young, and their attractive and artistic 
home is in Deal, New Jersey. 

Among those who have reached the 
heights, there is perhaps no one who lays 
greater stress on the necessity for work than 
does Madame Nordica. In almost every 



58 


Representative Women 


published interview with the noted singer, 
she waives aside the mere suggestion that 
genius or great talent is required for suc¬ 
cess. She admits frankly that in her own 
case there were days and hours of discour¬ 
agement, so great, that nothing but her 
grim determination to reach the goal, kept 
her from faltering. One of her biographers 
asserts that the main reason for her success 
was that she was always “prepared when 
called upon.’* 

Madame Nordica says, “if you work 
five minutes, you succeed five minutes' 
worth; if you work five hours, you succeed 
five hours' worth. Plenty have natural 
voices equal to mine but I have worked." 
And again, “you must work well in the 
morning, and then work some more in the 
afternoon—and it is well to practice between 
times, too!" 

Without doubt the message sent out by 
her beautiful voice to all those who are 
struggling to achieve, is the single word 
“work." 




PHOTOGRAPH BY HAUL 


MAUD POWELL 









MAUD POWELL. 
America's Greatest Violinist. 


Audiences who have heard the world’s 
great artists, books which deal with the 
most celebrated musicians of our time and 
critics of high standing pronounce, with 
one accord, Maud Powell to be America’s 
greatest violinist, and declare her to rank 
with the distinguished violinists of the 
world. 

Maud Powell was born in Peru, Illinois, 
and spent her early childhood and received 
her common school education in Aurora, 
Illinois. Her musical education began with 
the study of the piano when she was seven 
years old under the careful instruction of 
Miss Agnes Ingersoll, who gave much atten¬ 
tion to musical taste and expression, and a 
year later she took up the violin but “dis¬ 
liked it exceedingly” for, never having heard 
the real violin tone from a master, she had 
no concept or ideal for which to strive. 
“After six months,” she says, “of dutiful but 
irksome scraping,” Camilla Urso came to 
Aurora and, after hearing her in concert, all 
was changed for the child and a great ambi¬ 
tion was awakened in her breast. Professor 
Lewis, in Chicago, to whom she went for her 
weekly lessons, was a natural violinist, a 
man of temperament and great intensity, 
and he made a profound impression on the 
child. 


62 


Representative Women 


Her parents were a dominant factor in 
her career. Her mother, who was of Ger¬ 
man birth and a musician herself, helped 
her daughter with her practice and stimu¬ 
lated her ambition, while her father, who 
was a man of strong character, an indefatig¬ 
able worker and an advanced thinker along 
educational lines, gave his daughter every 
encouragement. 

At ten years of age, Maud Powell was 
the first violinist in a small orchestra of 
twenty pieces which was organized and con¬ 
ducted by Professor Stein, of Aurora, who 
gave a series of Sunday afternoon concerts 
in one of the churches. A year later she 
was the chief attraction of a concert com¬ 
pany which traveled through the middle 
and western states, and though she received 
notes, flowers and verses, much after the 
manner of grown up stars, it did not mar 
the childishness or naturalness of the little 
girl or turn her head. 

When she was twelve years old, her 
mother took her to Leipzig, where she 
studied with Schradieck and received her 
diploma in one year, playing also at one of 
the Gewandhaus concerts. As proof of the 
excellent instruction she had received here 
in her own country, it is interesting to know 
that her European teacher found no fault 
with the methods previously taught, but 



Maud Powell 


63 


directed her progress from the point where 
she had left off in America. She next went 
to Paris, where she was the first to be 
chosen out of a class of eighty applicants 
for admission to the Conservatoire and, 
when only fifteen years old, toured England 
and the provinces. 

While in London she had the honor of 
playing for the royal family and was the 
recipient of many favors. She was sought 
after by the nobility and was associated in 
concerts with Lloyd, Sir Julius Benedict, 
Patti and others of equal greatness. Many 
of London’s most well known socially, 
among them Sir John Hay’s daughter, inter¬ 
ested themselves in the young American 
girl’s success. Lady Hay arranged a meet¬ 
ing with the famous Joachim who, after 
hearing her play, predicted a great future 
for her and urged her to go to Berlin for a 
year’s study with him. This she did, and 
has the distinction of being one of his ten 
women pupils and one of the four American 
women who have studied under him. 

Miss Powell returned to America, at 
the age of sixteen, having accomplished 
what would have been an immense labor for 
a mature mind and body, entirely unspoiled 
by her attentions and flatteries abroad, and 
made her debut at the New York Philhar¬ 
monic. Though she had not reached the 



64 


Representative Women 


heights of her ability owing to her youth, 
she was declared to be marvelously gifted 
and in her playing disclosed the “instincts 
and gifts of a born artist.” 

She has appeared in all of the most 
prominent concerts of the country, and has 
been a soloist in the Thomas, Seidl, Gericke, 
Nikisch, Damrosch and other noted orches¬ 
tras and has gained a reputation second to 
none in the United States and is recognized 
as the greatest violinist of her sex in the 
world. 

In 1893 she went to Europe with the 
New York Arion Society on their famous 
concert tour, which proved a succession of 
triumphs for the American violinist. All 
along the way her successes were cabled 
back to eager newspapers at home, while 
foreign papers were unstinted in their praise. 
In Vienna, that city which is considered the 
“most coldly critical” in the musical world, 
she had perhaps her greatest triumph. 
There she took her audience by storm and 
when she had finished her solo, the whole 
house arose as one man, surged forward to 
the stage, applauding and shouting until 
she played again and again. 

In 1899 and 1903 she toured the British 
Isles and the European Continent, and again 
in 1905 including Russia, and later made a 
tour of South Africa. Since then she has 



Maud Powell 


65 


spent the musical seasons in this country. 

Miss Powell’s manager is her husband, 
H. Godfrey Turner, formally of London, 
whom she married in 1904. 

She has an immense repertoire, and 
aside from contributing to numerous jour¬ 
nals on musical topics, she has made ar¬ 
rangements and transcriptions for the violin 
which, in musicianship and taste, are de¬ 
clared to be impeccable. She was also the 
first to establish, in America, a string quar¬ 
tet led by a woman. 

Miss Powell has always been progres¬ 
sive and generous in the matter of produc¬ 
ing new works that she has considered of 
value. The Tschaikowsky concerto has be¬ 
come a part of every violinist’s repertoire 
since she first produced it, in 1888, and no 
one but she had the temerity to play the 
Sibelius concerto a few years ago. Sibelius 
is now considered one of the modern 
masters. 

Miss Powell is a thorough American 
and has greatly helped the cause of Ameri¬ 
can composers by including their composi¬ 
tions in her programs. 

She has a gracious personality, and 
there is nothing of pose or affectation about 
her. She loves her work and has put her 
whole heart and life and soul into it. She 
does not pretend that it is all genius, but 



66 


Representative Women 


admits that there is hard work in it. When 
asked about some of the requisites for a suc¬ 
cessful musical “career” she answered that 
one must have the strength of an Amazon 
and must work harder and longer hours 
than any laboring man ever dreamed of 
working. That only would bring success. 




FANNIE BLOOMFIELD 2EISLER 







FANNIE BLOOMFIELD ZEISLER. 

“The Chopin of America.” 

When asked who is the world's great¬ 
est woman pianist, critics answer without 
hesitation, “Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler.” 

Although Mrs. Zeisler is an American, 
by adoption only, practically all of her life 
has been spent in this country. She was 
born in Bielitz, Austrian Silesia, the daugh¬ 
ter of Solomon and Bertha Bloomfield and 
came with her parents to Chicago, when but 
two years old, where she has since made her 
home. 

She began the study of piano, when 
very young, with Carl Wolfsohns, and made 
such progress that she was soon heralded as 
a musical prodigy. Later she went to 
Vienna and studied one year in the Con¬ 
servatory and then had four years with that 
eccentric and most wonderful of teachers, 
Theodor Leschetizky. 

She made her debut in Vienna, in 1882, 
and “carried the musical public by storm." 
Although she had scarcely reached woman¬ 
hood she at once took her place with the 
acknowledged artists of the world. 

After further study she returned to the 
United States and made her debut in Chi¬ 
cago, in 1884, at a concert of the Beethoven 
Society. She afterwards was heard at many 
concerts in the country's largest cities, in¬ 
cluding concerts of the Boston Symphony 


70 


Representative Women 


Orchestra. 

In 1885 she married Sigmund Zeisler, 
whose birth place was also in Austrian 
Silesia. He studied law at Bielitz and at 
the University of Vienna and then came to 
this country, also choosing Chicago for his 
home. Mr. Zeisler’s career has been almost 
as rich in achievements as that of his wife, 
for he is a lawyer of national prominence 
and has distinguished himself as an orator. 
He has written for reviews and law journals 
and is a member of a number of prominent 
clubs. 

From 1883 to 1893 Mrs. Zeisler played 
in the leading cities of America, and later 
made successful tours in Germany, Austria 
and France, with also another tour of the 
United States. 

One critic, in writing of her, says, “she 
stands quite alone among women of today 
in her mastery of the piano-forte,” and that 
“the recognition of her talent in technique 
and her genius in interpretation, quickly 
accorded her in her adopted home, has been 
followed by a similar recognition in the 
musical centers of Europe.” 

Mrs. Zeisler is entirely without any of 
the eccentricities and affectations which are 
generally supposed to go with an artistic 
temperament. She has found time, in the 
midst of her busy life, to make a charming 



Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler 


71 


home, be a helpmate to her husband and a 
mother to her three children, the eldest who 
has followed in the footsteps of his father 
and entered the legal profession. 

Pupils from all over the United States 
and from Europe eagerly seek instruction 
from her, and the little class which she ad¬ 
mits to her music room is fortunate indeed. 
It is her custom to have each member of the 
class perform in turn, afterwards the class 
listening to the teacher’s corrections and 
suggestions. Mrs. Zeisler believes that if 
the composition to be played is memorized, 
interpretation is comparatively simple. 

Her music room is a large apartment 
on the first floor, and at the eastern end 
are two pianos, above which are hung 
wreaths of laurel that have been presented 
to her by musical societies the world over. 



MARIA MONTESSORI. 

“Discipline Through Liberty 

In far gone times the ancient Greeks 
who followed Socrates in their effort to hear 
his philosophy at first hand, realized the 
power of direct communication, the value of 
the message received by word of mouth and 
later the disciples who walked with Jesus to 
learn of him, sharing his hardships and 
burdens that they might even “touch the 
hem of his garment,” deeply appreciated the 
worth of intimate communion with their 
Master. But with the growth of civiliza¬ 
tion, the making and printing of books 
gradually did away with the word of mouth 
teaching, and we have come to depend large¬ 
ly on the writings of the teacher, or of some 
scholar who has been so fortunate as to get 
a clearer understanding than the majority. 

Now, in this day of advancement and 
large ideas, we have turned back to the old 
way and in the last year there have been 
completed, in Rome, arrangements whereby 
a training class for American teachers is to 
be conducted, so that they may learn direct¬ 
ly from the most widely talked of educator 
of the present day, Doctor Maria Montes- 
sori, an Italian woman, whose system, new 
and startling, is revolutionizing the method 
of teaching younger children. 

Maria Montessori was the young and 
beautiful daughter of adoring, though far 






Maria Montessori 


75 


from well-to-do, Italian parents and she 
grew into womanhood a generation ago at 
a time when a “career” for a girl was as 
unknown as it is now common. One can 
imagine something of the shock and conster¬ 
nation to her Roman relatives and friends 
when she announced her determination to 
study medicine and one can also appreciate 
the hardships and obstacles she overcame, 
when it is known that she was the first 
woman to obtain the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine from the University of Rome. 

After graduation she became the assist¬ 
ant Doctor to the Psychiatric clinic in Rome 
and it was while there that her work took 
her to the insane asylums to study and to 
select subjects for the clinic. In her medical 
training she had specialized in children’s 
diseases and as the idiot and feeble minded 
were at that time treated in connection with 
the actually insane, she became deeply inter¬ 
ested in defective children and became con¬ 
vinced that mental deficiency could best be 
overcome by pedagogy rather than by medi¬ 
cine, that there was a way of getting to the 
nerve centers and that the way was through 
education. 

At Turin, in 1898, she attended, though 
not as a member, a gathering of Italy’s most 
famous educators and in a most unexpected 
way an opportunity came for her to express 



76 


Representative Women 


her views. She remained a silent, attentive 
listener until the third day, when news 
came that Elizabeth, Empress of Austria, 
had been assassinated by a y&tfng Italian. 
This was the third crime committed in a 
short time by Italy's youth and the country 
stood aghast at the.Jborror. Then it was 
that the young doctor found her opportunity 
and delivered, forcibly and concisely, a 
speech in which she pointed out that in vain 
would educators try to bring reform by 
teaching morals in the schools, unless the 
teachers realized that in every school room 
there were individuals capable of commit¬ 
ting just such crimes as those of which they 
had just heard. She declared that in each 
school there were children so far from 
normal that ordinary methods could not 
reach them and plead earnestly for a new 
training for teachers which would give them 
ability to see and cope with the individual 
traits of the children before them. 

Moved by the earnestness and sound 
logic of the young physician the educators 
debated the question which she had brought 
before them, while the public, which had 
heard of her speech, clamored to hear more 
of her and her reasoning. The great Minis¬ 
ter of Education asked her to deliver to the 
teachers of Rome a course of lectures on the 
education of feeble-minded children, and this 



Maria Montessori 


77 


course soon developed into the State Ortho- 
phrenic or Mind Straightening School. To 
this school were brought all those from the 
elementary schools who were considered 
hopelessly deficient. Later there was found¬ 
ed a Medical Pedagogic Institute to which 
were brought all of the idiot children from 
the asylums of Rome. Up to this time Doc¬ 
tor Montessori had continued her practice 
as a physician, performing operations, an¬ 
swering calls night and day and attending 
to all her former duties with this added 
work, but now she gave up her practice and 
threw herself heart and soul into the work 
she had undertaken. Day and night she 
worked, training teachers for special obser¬ 
vation and being present or teaching the chil¬ 
dren herself from eight in the morning until 
seven at night. For two years she gave 
unsparingly of her body and mind in an 
effort to lead these apparently hopeless ones 
into the light and then came what seemed a 
miracle. The children of the asylums, those 
who had been counted deficient beyond 
help, took an examination with the normal 
children of the public schools and passed it. 
Not only Rome, but all of Italy, stood back 
in amazement while the great educators 
exclaimed, “Montessori has made the idiot 
into a man.” But Doctor Montessori stood 
by, far from enthusiastic over what had 



78 


Representative Women 


just been revealed to her. She knew that it 
was not so much the advancement that her 
abnormal children had made, as the deplor¬ 
ably slow progress the normal child had 
made. From the very first, before she fully 
realized to what extent her experiments 
were taking her, she felt that there was 
nothing peculiarly limited to the instruction 
of the feeble-minded and she believed that 
her teachings contained principles more 
rational than those in use for normal chil¬ 
dren. 

This feeling was so deep within her that 
she began a genuine and thorough study of 
remedial pedagogy feeling assured that, if 
the normal child could set free its personal¬ 
ity, there would be marvelous results. For 
the next seven years she labored trying to 
solve the discrepancy between the rapid ad¬ 
vance of the idiot child and the slow prog¬ 
ress of the normal. She registered at the 
University of Rome as a student of Philoso¬ 
phy and, though she was not at all sure that 
she would be able to test the truth of her 
idea, she was spurred on by a great faith 
and gave up every other occupation and, as 
she herself says, “It was almost as if I 
prepared myself for an unknown mission.” 

She visited the primary schools and was 
appalled at the stunted conditions which she 
found there for both mind and body. Chil- 



Maria Montessori 


79 


dren sitting in cramped seats at stationary 
desks, constantly supervised by a teacher 
and watched over until there was no possi¬ 
bility for individual development or person¬ 
ality. 

While making these discoveries for her¬ 
self, she was also searching feverishly and 
mastering everything which had been writ¬ 
ten on the subject and was surprised at the 
little which could be found. But two great 
books she did find, the works of Itard, 
whose methods had their origin at the time 
of the French Revolution and who had been 
followed later by Edward Sequin who was 
first a teacher and then a physician. She 
translated and copied out, by hand, the 
works of these two men from beginning to 
end, so that she might weigh every word 
and "read in truth the spirit of the author/’ 
Doctor Montessori gives much credit to 
these men, she does not hold that her ideas 
are entirely original, but feels rather that 
her ten years of work is a summing up of 
the forty years of work done by Itard and 
Sequin and that the experiments represent 
the successive work of three physicians in 
this path. 

In 1907 there came an opportunity for 
which she had long dreamed, the chance to 
experiment with the methods of deficient 
children in a class of normal children. She 



80 


Representative Women 


was asked by Edoardo Talamo, the Director 
General of the Roman association, for good 
building to organize infant schools in model 
tenements. All the little ones of a large 
tenement building, between the ages of three 
and seven, were to be gathered in one large 
room, under the guidance of a teacher who 
was to have her apartments in the building. 
Each tenement was to have a school which 
was to be known as Casa die Bambini or 
“The Children’s House.” In these schools, 
four or five of which have been established 
in Rome, have been performed the marvel¬ 
ous records which have so aroused educa¬ 
tors the world over. Her system has been 
successfully tried in the British Embassy at 
Rome, in Paris, in Miss Anne E. George’s 
schools in Washington, and in Tarrytown, 
New York, in our own country, and in fact 
throughout the world. 

The key to the Montessori method is 
“Discipline through liberty,” liberty of the 
child’s mental and physical actions. As long 
as the child does not interfere with the work 
or liberty of others, he is allowed to do as he 
chooses. When he enters the school room 
in the morning, he may select his own 
apparatus to work with, he may work with 
it as long as he wishes or he may lay it aside 
to go to something else, move his light table 
and chair about as he pleases or go out into 



Maria Montessori 


81 


the court yard. 

To one with the usual conception of a 
school room, namely, orderly rows of chil¬ 
dren seated in stationary seats at stationary 
desks constantly under the supervision of a 
teacher and only moving about at her bid¬ 
ding, a peep into a Montessori school would 
be a revelation. One’s first thought on 
looking in would be that he had opened the 
wrong door, and that this busy, happy, in¬ 
formal gathering, with perhaps a low sound 
of humming from some unconscious baby 
over his work, with here and there a child 
lying on a soft rug with his feet in the air, 
after having accomplished some baby 
masterpiece, was not a school but a nursery 
on good behavior. 

Doctor Montessori’s teachers are not 
called teachers but directresses, as they are 
to direct the work rather than actually 
teach. 

Independence is one of the main points 
for which the Montessori method strives, 
for, as Doctor Montessori says, “the para¬ 
lytic who cannot take off his boots because of 
a pathological fact and the prince who does 
not dare take them off because of a social 
fact, are in reality reduced to the same con¬ 
dition.” So where there is an effort to use 
the method in the home it is a sort of a 
“hands off” for the too eager parent who is 



82 


Representative Women 


ever ready to help and willing to explain, 
instead of letting the child work out his 
own salvation and solve his baby problems 
for himself. 

Doctor Montessori has made much of 
her material herself and explains fully how 
it can be quite simply made for home use. 

Her method stimulates the senses, de¬ 
velops concentration, teaches self-discipline 
and, above all, teaches the child how to think. 
After a mother has read carefully these 
books, *“The Montessori Method,” and 
“Pedagogical Anthropology,” by Montessori 
herself, “A Montessori Mother,” by Dorothy 
Canfield Fisher, and “A Guide to the 
Montessori Method,” by Ellen Yale Stevens, 
she instinctively draws a sigh of regret that 
her childhood missed such training, but with 
the sigh there comes almost simultaneously 
the joyous thought that this training is 
possible for her own children. 

Doctor Montessori has withdrawn more 
and more from public life and is now ex¬ 
perimenting with children whose ages range 
from six to nine. She has resigned her chair 
of anthropology in the University of Rome 
and has sacrificed everything in private life 


*“The Montessori Method,” “A Guide to the Montessori 
Method,” and “Pedagogical Anthropology” are published 
by Frederick A. Stokes Co., and “A Montessori Mother” 
by Henry Holt & Co. 




Maria Montessori 


83 


to devote herself absolutely to the develop¬ 
ment of her educational ideas. Her work is 
valuable not only because it is the profound 
effort of a great educator but because she is 
a physician and a scientist who understands 
the physical and mental, as well as the moral 
make-up, of the child. 

Doctor Maria Montessori has opened 
the doors of freedom to the little child— 
she has emancipated childhood. 



HETTY GREEN. 

“To spend money uselessly is a crime.” 

The name Hetty Green and the phrase, 
“the richest woman in the world” are syn¬ 
onymous. Perhaps if their fortunes were 
counted up dollar for dollar the appellation 
might belong to Mrs. Russell Sage, but 
there is no doubt whatever that Mrs. Green 
is the foremost woman financier in the 
world. 

The picture which the general public has 
of her is of an extremely shabby woman, 
old in years, uncultured, and caring little 
for the comforts of this world, going about 
in New York heaping up piles upon piles 
of gold with almost a Midas touch, while 
the more attractive picture and the true 
one is of a kindly faced, smooth-haired 
woman, strong in her convictions, used to 
luxury from birth, and constantly adding 
to her fortune because she understands the 
process of making money as most women 
know the managing of a small home. 

Hetty Howland Robinson was born on 
November twenty-first, 1835, and was the 
only daughter of Edward Mott Robinson, 
a distinguished man, who during the days 
of 1865 occupied much the same position 
that John D. Rockefeller holds to-day. He 
was the most conspicuous oil man of his 
time, sending out large ships for whales and 
producing sperm oil which was burned in 



HETTY GREEN 






Hetty Green 


87 


lamps by those fortunate ones who could 
afford more than tallow candles. His father 
and grandfather were also wealthy men of 
their time so there was no lack of luxuries 
in the family. 

Mrs. Robinson died while her daughter 
was still a very young girl. Miss Robinson 
was sent by her father to a private school 
in Boston conducted by a Miss Lowell, a 
relative of James Russell Lowell. She is 
well educated, speaks several languages and 
has traveled extensively. 

In the days just before the Civil War 
she went often from her home in New Bed¬ 
ford, N. Y., to New York City, where she 
was chaperoned by Moses B. Grinnell, a 
relative of her mother’s. She was a noted 
figure in society, was a celebrated dancer 
and horse-back rider and had all the athletic 
tendencies of the modern Twentieth century 
girl. She traveled in Europe and after the 
death of her grandfather lived for six years 
in London, where her father operated in 
stocks and bonds. 

One might suppose that Hetty Robin¬ 
son’s wealth would have proved a disad¬ 
vantage to her in becoming a practical busi¬ 
ness woman, and it might have been so 
had it not been for the fact that both her 
father and her grandfather had poor eye¬ 
sight. She read the papers to them, es- 



88 


Representative Women 


pecially the financial news and stock re¬ 
ports, and she sometimes acted as a con¬ 
fidential clerk to her father, writing letters 
for him and attending to some of his busi¬ 
ness. He was a man of large investments 
and he told her what were good ones and 
why. She learned the fluctuations of the 
market, and at fifteen she says she knew 
more about bulls and bears than many a 
man who is operating in Wall street today. 

She was married while still in her twen¬ 
ties to Edward Henry Green, of Bellows 
Falls, Vt., who was much older than she 
and, who at the time of their marriage, had 
a large fortune of his own. He had left 
home when very young and was one of the 
first Americans to find a fortune in the 
Philippines. He engaged in the manila 
hemp trade, which was profitable, and after 
making his fortune returned to this coun¬ 
try, where he met and fell in love with 
Hetty Robinson. There was an ante-nuptial 
agreement in which each was absolved from 
responsibility for any indebtedness of the 
other and their properties were kept sep¬ 
arate. They lived in London a number of 
years, where were born to them a daugh¬ 
ter, Sylvia, and a son, Edward Howland 
Green. The son has never married; Sylvia 
Green became Mrs. Matthew Astor Wilks. 

Later they returned to America and Mr. 



Hetty Green 


89 


Green lost his fortune in Wall street specu¬ 
lations, and it was then that his wife turned 
her attention to finance and steadily en¬ 
larged the fortune her father had left her. 
She had inherited one million dollars and 
had the income from four millions which by 
a provision of the will had been put in 
trust. 

Shortly after her father’s death Hetty 
Green instituted a law suit involving law¬ 
yers whom she thought were trying to de¬ 
fraud the heirs of money held in trust. She 
has been fighting the suit from that day to 
this. 

Soon after the loss of his fortune, Mr. 
Green’s health broke down and he was 
forced to spend most of his life in Bellows 
Falls, coming to New York but seldom. 
When it was possible to leave the city, his 
wife spent much of her time at his bed¬ 
side, taking her secretary and a corps of 
clerks with her and establishing a office in 
the house. He died in 1902. 

Hetty Green’s rise in the financial world 
was very rapid though she did not attract 
any notice for several years. Almost before 
the public was aware of it she had become 
a banker, a railway director, a real estate 
investor and a capitalist. 

She believes and emphasizes the fact that 
every girl should have a business training. 



90 


Representative Women 


She believes she should be taught the ordi¬ 
nary lines of business, whether she is to 
inherit money or not, as one cannot tell 
what may be her future marriage or change 
of fortune. She should know what a bank 
account is, what interest means and how it 
accumulates, and the character of bonds. 
Business, she believes, should be talked over 
at home, the father explaining and teaching 
the value of money. 

She says she never makes an investment 
without first seeking out every source of 
information and only acts when she knows 
the facts. She knows the history of stocks, 
dividends, paying possibilities and what 
they have sold for in the past. She says 
there is no great secret in fortune making; 
success is based on buying when cheap and 
selling when high. When good things are 
low she buys them and puts them away and 
when, owing to some new development they 
are needed, she knows men are willing to 
pay well for them. Then she is ready to 
sell. Also, if one can buy a good thing 
lower than it has ever sold for before, he 
may be sure of getting it cheap. 

She refutes the statement that a million 
cannot be made honestly. “I have made a 
million several times, and I have never in¬ 
tentionally wronged one poor person and I 
have helped thousands. My parents were 



Hetty Green 


91 


Quakers and I was brought up with a fine 
sense of right and wrong. I was taught 
to believe that he who condones a felony 
is half felon and that he who allows others 
to rob, or is a receiver of stolen goods, is 
himself a robber.” 

She has worked because she enjoys being 
in the midst of things and likes to have a 
part in the great movements of the world 
and especially in her own country. She is 
intensely loyal to this land which has given 
her such wonderful opportunities and does 
not believe in investing in foreign enter¬ 
prises. She cannot be induced to talk of 
her gifts and, when asked not long ago 
concerning a girls’ and boys* school in New 
York to which she is known to have given 
three or four hundred thousand dollars, 
she had nothing to say and would not even 
tell its location. 

In 1911 she turned over to the care of 
her son a large portion of her fortune, which 
is estimated at one hundred million dollars, 
for, with increasing age, it was becoming a 
greater task than she cared to handle. 

She is noted for many homely sayings, 
though in each there is a forceful idea which 
brings out her splendid reasoning. She 
says, “Industry, determination and princi¬ 
ple are essential to the young man who 
wants to be successful in business. I would 



92 


Representative Women 


not advise him to lie awake nights thinking 
how he can cheat someone. He cannot get 
along without honesty/’ 

She speaks plainly and to the point and 
does not hesitate to give a rebuke where 
she thinks it is merited. Once to an over¬ 
dressed young woman who had made a 
slighting remark about some feminine ap¬ 
parel, she replied, “Wealthy people can af¬ 
ford to dress poorly. The poor and vulgar 
must wear fine clothes, if only for the pur¬ 
pose of disguise.” 

She believes that the business woman is 
a permanency, that the world cannot get 
along without, and that, where there is the 
necessity for a woman to go out into the 
world to make her living, she can do it just 
as well and with just as much credit to 
herself, as the woman who has been chosen 
to fulfill her portion of life’s work by re¬ 
maining at home. 



MARGARET DELAND AND EDITH 
WHARTON. 

“The best things of our nature fashion themselves 
in silence—Margaret Deland. 

“Life’s just a perpetual piecing together of broken 
bits.”—Edith Wharton. 

There is as much difference in the types 
of characters Margaret Deland and Edith 
Wharton have portrayed as there is differ¬ 
ence in the settings they have chosen for 
their stories. Mrs. Wharton has selected 
New York and its environs, with well 
known cities and places in foreign countries, 
while Mrs. Deland has found settings for 
life’s greatest hopes and tragedies in nest¬ 
ling, out-of-the-way villages, such as are 
found in Maryland and in southern Penn¬ 
sylvania, and where moral questions are 
sifted and settled by the community with 
Puritanical strictness. 

The works of both fill an important 
place in modern fiction and each writer, 
though her work is so widely different from 
the other, holds just as distinctly her place 
in the literary world today. 

Margaret Deland was born on February 
23, 1857, in Pittsburgh, Pa. Her family 
stood high in the community in which they 
lived and her early earnest religious disci¬ 
pline is clearly discernible in nearly all of 
her novels and short stories. Her childhood 
training made a serious thinker of her, and 


94 


Representative Women 


she was allowed to roam, to her heart’s con¬ 
tent, the hills and valleys near the little 
town of Manchester where she was raised. 
She was rather a silent child and found 
many pleasures in her own quaint visions 
and imaginings and, in reference to those 
peaceful days she says, “they were days in 
which there was much wholesome letting 
alone,” and further, “the wise neglect of 
friends may do more to give permanence 
and stability to a child’s character than any 
amount of influence in any one direction.” 

Her home, which was a large old-fash¬ 
ioned house built half a century before the 
little Margaret Campbell was born, con¬ 
tained a good library in which she was left 
to wander, her mother directing her read¬ 
ing by placing within reach a large number 
of books suitable to her age. 

Later she attended Pelham Priory, near 
New York, and afterwards studied at 
Cooper Institute and became an instructor 
of Design. In 1880 she married Lorin 
Fuller Deland of Boston, in which city she 
has since made her home, with the excep¬ 
tion of the summer months, which are spent 
at the beautiful Deland cottage at Kenne- 
bunkport, Me. 

Mrs. Deland’s first writing for publica¬ 
tion came about in rather an unusual man¬ 
ner. One morning while at market with a 



Margaret Deland and Edith Wharton 


95 


friend and while waiting for her purchases, 
she idly wrote a verse or two on some 
brown paper which was lying on the coun¬ 
ter. The friend read the verses and, de¬ 
lighted with their beauty, tore them off and 
insisted on sending the little poem, “The 
Succory,” to Harper’s Magazine, where it 
was immediately accepted. From time to 
time her verses appeared in various maga¬ 
zines and later they were collected and 
published in book form under the title of 
“The Old Garden.” They met with instant 
success, but Mrs. Deland really came into 
widespread prominence with the publica¬ 
tion of her first long novel, “John Ward, 
Preacher,” which appeared at almost the 
same time as Mrs. Humphrey Ward’s 
“Robert Elsmere.” 

“Old Chester Tales” and “Dr. Laven¬ 
der’s People” are two of her well known 
volumes of short stories, while “The Awak¬ 
ening of Helene Ritche” and “The Iron 
Woman,” the latter which was published 
several years ago, placed her in the very 
front rank of modern writers. “The Awak¬ 
ening of Helene Ritche” was dramatized by 
Miss Charlotte Thompson and played with 
great success by Miss Margaret Anglin 
about four seasons ago. 

“Dr. Lavender” has been declared by 
critics to deserve an enduring place in lit- 



96 


Representative Women 


erature and it is interesting to know that 
he is in reality a composite of two originals 
whom Mrs. Deland loved and revered in 
childhood, Dr. Preston, an old Episcopal 
minister of Pittsburgh, and Dr. William 
Campbell, her uncle, who was once presi¬ 
dent of Rutgers College. The Manchester 
of her childhood is the Old Chester of her 
stories, with its quaint box hedges, hospita¬ 
ble houses, green lawns and flower gardens. 

Both Mrs. Deland and her husband are 
favorites in their circle of friends. They 
have a charming home filled with books, and 
artistically attractive, in which the person¬ 
ality of the hostess is strongly felt. Some 
ten years ago Mrs. Deland came into new 
prominence through her successful remodel¬ 
ing of old and unattractive houses, bring¬ 
ing comfort and beauty out of stuffiness, 
and replacing bad architecture with simple 
and artistic lines. She is active in philan¬ 
thropies and her bulb sales for charity have 
become a regular function of the Boston 
Lenten season. 

Mrs. Deland is not at all in sympathy 
with the “new woman” movement and has 
expressed herself strongly on the subject at 
several clubs where she has been asked to 
speak. She does not crave notoriety her¬ 
self and is jealous of the privacy of her 
home life and believes that woman is best in 



Margaret Deland and Edith Wharton 


97 


her own sphere, which is the home. 

Edith Wharton first came into promi¬ 
nence as a writer with the publishing of a 
number of short stories in the leading maga¬ 
zines, which afterwards made their appear¬ 
ance collectively, as her first book in 1899, 
under the title of “The Greater Inclination.” 

She was born in 1862, the daughter of 
George Frederic Jones and Lucretia Rhine¬ 
lander Jones and granddaughter of General 
Ebenezer Stevens of Revolutionary fame. 
Her parents were distinguished and cultured 
as well as being people of wealth, and from 
her early childhood she was surrounded by 
luxuries and had all the advantages that 
travel and a carefully planned education 
could give. She spent much of her early 
life in Italy and the influence of close as¬ 
sociation with great paintings and works of 
art is easily traced in all her books. 

In 1885 Edith Jones married Edward 
Wharton of Boston, a man of means and of 
large business interests. Both husband and 
wife were fond of entertaining and entered 
largely into the social life of Lenox, Massa¬ 
chusetts, where they built a magnificent 
country home, “The Mount,” situated on 
Lauref Lake, and close neighbors to many 
well known society folk. Here Mrs. Whar¬ 
ton did much of her early writing, but in 
1911 “The Mount” was sold and she has 



98 


Representative Women 


since lived and had her real “work-shop” 
in Paris. 

Mrs. Wharton, it is said, took up writing 
as a diversion, but she has made serious 
work of it, entering into it carefully and 
sparing no pains to give her readers her 
very best. 

Having the great advantage of knowing 
French, German and Italian, Mrs. Wharton 
had the basis for wide reading. She feels 
indebted to Goethe, above all other literary 
influence, and feels that his teachings led 
her to a higher sense of perfection. 

Like Mrs. Deland, Mrs. Wharton writes 
in the morning and allows nothing to dis¬ 
turb her when at her desk. She has the 
ability of deep concentration and can work 
hour after hour without raising her eyes 
from her paper. After luncheon she gives 
herself up to any social duties which call, 
forgets work and proves her utter femininity 
by the fact that she can go to tea and dis¬ 
cuss clothes with as much interest and ani¬ 
mation as any other woman. 

One proof of the work she accomplishes 
when at her desk was shown by the fact 
that at one time on a news stand there were 
noticed five of the leading magazines all 
with articles and stories by her and all with 
the same careful finish which characterizes 
her work. Her first long novel was “The 




EDITH WHARTON 







Margaret Deland and Edith Wharton 


101 


Valley of Decision,” followed by “The 
House of Mirth” and “The Fruit of the 
Tree,” the latter which caused wide-spread 
comment. Most of her stories deal with 
men and women “who are caught in the 
meshes of circumstances and struggle with 
impotence as so many fishes caught in a 
drag-net.” 

Critics with one voice give her a high 
place in modern literature because of her 
fine perceptive powers of analysis and 
psychological insight, and one declares that 
“it would be nothing less than impertinence 
to say how human are Mrs. Wharton’s char¬ 
acters, or how realistic.” Her style is dis¬ 
tinctive and her English is of “mathematical 
perfection.” 

Mrs. Wharton’s latest story, “The Cus¬ 
tom of the Country,” is considered to be 
her finest work by many who contend that 
it alone would place her among the great 
writers of our century. 



JANE ADDAMS. 

“The Foremost Citizen of Chicago.” 

Jane Addams and Hull House are two 
names which are so closely connected with 
the great philanthropic and economic ad¬ 
vancement of the last quarter century, and 
have been so widely written about and dis¬ 
cussed, that they have become as well 
known in foreign countries as in our own. 
Hull House is the largest and most exten¬ 
sive social settlement we have and Miss 
Addams is the vital force which is back of 
it all. In other words, Jane Addams is Hull 
House. 

Miss Addams was born in Cedarville, 
Ill., in 1860, the year Lincoln was elected 
President. She was the youngest of a large 
family and, as her mother had died when 
she was a baby and her father did not marry 
again until she was about eight years old, 
she became his constant companion, follow¬ 
ing him about as she says with “doglike af¬ 
fection” and spending her little girlhood 
days playing in his flour and sawmills, 
which were only a short distance from their 
large old-fashioned, comfortable home. 

John H. Addams, the father, was a friend 
of Lincoln’s and one of the early abolition¬ 
ists of his state. He was a man of large 
business interests and was for eighteen 
years state senator from his district. He 
was of Quaker descent and early influenced 





JANE ADDAMS 



Jane Addams 


105 


his daughter in her ambition to lighten some 
of the world’s burdens. 

Being the daughter of one of the promi¬ 
nent men of the community, Miss Addams 
had more than the ordinary luxuries of that 
day and she soon observed the difference 
between her life and that of the poorer peo¬ 
ple of the village and resolved to educate 
herself along lines which would make it 
possible for her to help the less fortunate 
ones. She attended the regular country 
school until ready for higher education and 
in 1887 entered Rockford seminary, from 
which school her three older sisters had al¬ 
ready graduated. She had been very am¬ 
bitious to go to Smith College, but her 
father was in favor of an education nearer 
home, to be followed with European travel 
as a later broadening influence. 

Before graduation Miss Addams had 
fully settled in her mind that she would 
study medicine and ‘dive with the poor,” 
so the year after leaving Rockford she spent 
in “The Woman's Medical College of Phila¬ 
delphia,” but a spinal trouble, which had 
hung over her ever since childhood, devel¬ 
oped so alarmingly that she was compelled 
to give up her studies and remain in a hos¬ 
pital for some months, after which she was 
ordered by her physicians to Europe for 
rest and change of climate. Her father's 



106 


Representative Women 


death had occurred the year she graduated 
from college and with her step-mother she 
spent two years abroad, studying as much 
as her health would permit. Her childhood 
ambition to help the poor had never been 
forgotten and, while she had no definite idea 
of just how or when she was going to ac¬ 
complish her purpose, she never lost sight 
of the idea and was constantly making ob¬ 
servations and studying with that end in 
view. 

She returned to her home with some 
idea of settlement work but with no mapped 
out plan as yet and later made several other 
trips to Europe, one in company with Miss 
Ellen Gates Starr, a friend and former 
school companion. While Miss Starr was 
in Italy, Jane Addams went to London, 
where she studied industrial conditions, vis¬ 
ited Toynbee Hall and obtained many ideas 
from the warden and his wife, who received 
her most kindly. 

She and Miss Starr returned to America 
and in 1889 settled in Chicago and with 
only their own purses to draw upon began 
to look about for a house in which to estab¬ 
lish their settlement. Though their ideas 
were received with some skepticism, people 
were courteous and listened to their plans 
with interest. They decided on the old 
Charles J. Hull residence at Polk and Hal- 



Jane Addams 


107 


stead streets, a mansion of by-gone days, 
which in size was admirably suited to their 
needs, and which the administrator of the 
estate let them have free of rent. Originally 
they had no preconceived idea as to just 
where their social settlement was to be lo¬ 
cated, but, as Miss Addams says, “we simply 
decided to settle in that neighborhood and 
do what we could for the poor people.” One 
of the very first departments established 
was a kindergarten to which a teacher gave 
her services free for two years. This was 
the simple beginning of Hull House, which 
was to bring hope into the lives of so many 
thousands and save many more from hor¬ 
rors worse than death. 

At one time Miss Addams held a polit¬ 
ical appointment given her by the mayor, 
in which she held the position of garbage 
inspector of the Nineteenth ward. She was 
up every morning at dawn, following the 
wagons to see that the work was properly 
done, bringing landlords into court who did 
not provide necessary receptacles for garb¬ 
age and in the end filled her office so pro¬ 
ficiently that her ward became the show 
place of the city. She has served on the 
Chicago School Board and has been instru¬ 
mental in the passing of the child labor laws 
in Illinois. 

In 1910 she was given the degree of 



108 


Representative Women 


Master of Arts, the first degree ever be¬ 
stowed on a woman by Yale University. 

Miss Addams has lectured and written 
widely, her best known books being “De¬ 
mocracy and Social Ethics,” “Newer Ideals 
of Peace,” “A New Conscience and an An¬ 
cient Evil,” and “Twenty Years at Hull 
House,” the last of which gives a clear 
insight into the life and work of Miss Ad¬ 
dams and the conditions under which she 
has worked. 

In 1912 she made her first entrance into 
actual political warfare and became one of 
the most prominent figures in the new Pro¬ 
gressive party. 

Besides being known as “the foremost 
citizen of Chicago,” Miss Addams has been 
called “the most prominent citizen of the 
United States.” But one of the most sin¬ 
cere tributes and one which came from the 
heart of one who knew her personally was 
paid her by an Italian woman, one of her 
neighbors, who exclaimed reverently, “if 
there be any one’ll hev respect in their 
buryin’s, it’s her. Sure it’s her that’s great 
—great for a woman.” 




ROSE O’NEILL 



























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■ 





























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■ I 

























































































ROSE O’NEILL. 

You can't be kind without being funny . 3 


When one meets a pudgy baby, who for 
greeting extends a fat velvety arm straight 
out from the shoulder, with a soft and any¬ 
thing but dangerous looking little fist dou¬ 
bled up at the end of it, and rolls a pair of 
round wonder eyes, quite impulsively one re¬ 
turns his greeting with, “Howdy do, you 
Rose O’Neill baby.” Or, if by chance one 
may be ever so favored as to see His Royal 
Highness when he comes from his bath all 
dripping and shiny, and blinking apologet¬ 
ically, with a soft curl on the top of his 
round head, one would not be at all sur¬ 
prised to see a pair of diminutive wings 
sprout out upon his shoulders and behold 
him do a marvelous “Kewpie” acrobatic 
stunt, “Little Asunta” verse and all, over 
the side of the tub. 

Rose Cecil O’Neill, the charming author, 
painter, and illustrator of lovely mothers 
and adorable babies, was born in Wilkes- 
Barre, Pennsylvania. She is the daughter 
of William Patrick and Alice Asenath 
O’Neill, and her early education was re¬ 
ceived in the Sacred Heart Convent. While 
she was still a very little girl, her parents, 
wishing “to bury themselves from society,” 
and to seek a new home amid new surround¬ 
ings, went out to the then little known and 
almost unheard of, Ozarks of Missouri. 


112 


Representative Women 


There they took up two or three hundred 
acres of wild land, choosing for their home 
a spot in the very heart of the wilderness, 
forty miles from a railroad, telephone, or 
telegraph, but rich in beauty and undevel¬ 
oped resources. 

Even today that portion of the Ozark 
Mountains is little visited, the natives are 
primitive and live a life entirely of their 
own, though each year because of the coun¬ 
try’s wondrous beauty and neglected op¬ 
portunities, a few more people from the 
outside world—and then a few more, awak¬ 
en to its existence and its call. 

Here in the midst of the wilderness the 
O’Neill house was built and here Rose 
O’Neill and her brothers and sisters grew 
up in “God’s out of doors,” surrounded by 
a riot of beauty and learning more from 
brooks and trees and wild things than ever 
books could teach. 

From babyhood Rose O’Neill wrote and 
drew and by the time she was fourteen 
years old, she had as she says “a story or 
two and a picture or two published.” By 
the time she was nineteen years old, she 
had written a novel, “Calesta,” a story of a 
nun and a convent, and had drawn sixty- 
three pictures with which to illustrate it. 
Gathering these and a number of other 
drawings together, she rode horse-back, 



Rose O'Neill 


113 


forty miles to Springfield, Mo., taking the 
train there for New York, where she called 
upon Mr. Alden of Harper’s publishing 
house, who looked over her material and 
kindly advised her to “wait, my little girl, 
until you grow up before you try to write, 
but keep on drawing, you have genius for 
that.” Not in the least discouraged, she 
offered her pictures for sale and disposed 
of the lot, for five and ten dollars apiece, 
and spent the following winter in New York 
drawing “funny pictures” for Truth and 
later, without having had any lessons, illus¬ 
trated for such high class magazines as Col¬ 
lier’s Weekly, Frank Leslie’s, Harper’s 
Monthly, Weekly and Bazar and was on the 
staff of Punch from 1897 to 1903. Aside 
from these illustrations she contributed to 
several magazines short stories and verses 
which she illustrated. 

The story of Rose O’Neill and her Ozark 
home is a sort of a “lovely princess” fairy 
tale and her magic castle come to life and 
realism. The way to her home lies in the 
midst of an usually wild country, in the 
center of an ancient wood, close as the crow 
flies to great cities, but almost inaccessible 
even in this modern day, because of rough 
hills to climb and winding creeks to ford, 
only to find the same streams farther on 
come gurgling and winding back across the 



114 


Representative Women 


road as though in some sort of a game, with 
still another hill to climb, guarded on either 
side by giant sycamores whose limbs are 
covered with ivy and blossoming honey¬ 
suckle. Here, fifteen miles from Branson, 
Mo., in Taney County, is lovely “Bonnie- 
Brook,” where Rose O’Neill lives with her 
mother, in the same spot cleared by her 
father when he first pushed his way into 
the wilderness twenty years ago. 

“Bonnie-Brook, Day Post Office” is the 
quaint heading of Miss O’Neill’s letters, 
and the maps of Missouri give the popula¬ 
tion of Day Post Office as numbering ten 
souls. 

“Bonnie-Brook” is a many-windowed, 
many-gabled house and has been added to 
time and again until it bears little resem¬ 
blance to the house as it was first built. It 
has much the appearance of an old English 
manor house, and is set in a lawn such as 
might be found in any large city, with roses 
blooming beside graveled paths, hammocks 
swinging between great trees and wide ver¬ 
andas inviting one to rest, and within ten 
feet of the house runs Bonnie Brook, clear 
as crystal and icy cold on the hottest sum¬ 
mer days. 

Within are sleeping and living rooms 
and at the top of the house is Rose O’Neill’s 
studio, a delightful room, filled with books, 



Rose O'Neill 


115 


treasures, gifts from friends and mementos 
from the busy outside world, and with 
“glass doors opening to the tree-tops.” Here 
Miss O'Neill works, having no regular hours, 
no specified time, but working when inspired, 
forgetting all else and laboring hours or 
days unceasingly until the task is finished. 
From the vast amount of work her hands 
turn out, surely the greater portion of her 
hours must be spent there. 

The people of the Ozarks, her neigh¬ 
bors, love and honor her and her family, and 
look on them with awe. Their clothes, 
housekeeping and manner of living are a 
constant source of wonder and amazement 
to the simple people of the hills. One young 
boy came many miles just to count the 
books which fill cases all over the house, 
but had to stop at a thousand as that was 
as far as he could count. 

An interviewer from one of the large 
papers of a near-by city, on his way to Miss 
O’Neill’s home, stopped in a village com¬ 
posed of a store and two houses to make 
some inquiries concerning the famous ar¬ 
tist. An old man, lounging in the door of 
the store, spoke up proudly when asked if 
he knew her. “You bet, I know Miss Rose. 
She rides down here hoss-back and buys 
chewing gum by the two-bits worth all to 
once," and in answer to the question if Miss 



116 


Representative Women 


Rose was at all “stuck up,” he replied em¬ 
phatically, “Lawzee, no! Miss Rose is like 
the dove what went out from the ark and 
found no place to rest its foot, and come 
back. She goes out to them cities, but she 
always comes back to these hills.” 

So in the shelter of the hills, surrounded 
by the people she loves and the people who 
love her, with the sounds of singing birds 
coming in at her windows, the world-famous 
artist does her work. Last year she exhibit¬ 
ed in the Salon des Beaux Arts, in Paris, 
some large canvasses of an entirely differ¬ 
ent nature from her other work. One, 
“Life; A Mother’s Dream,” and four others, 
which Arsene Alexander, the art critic of 
the Figaro, gave high praise, declaring that 
“the mantle of Dore has fallen upon a 
woman.” It is expected that she will have 
another exhibit this coming winter. 

Besides being the author of numerous 
short stories and verses, illustrating for pub¬ 
lishers, drawing pictures for posters, calen¬ 
dars and advertisements, she has written 
two successful novels, “The Love of Edwy” 
and “The Lady in the White Veil,” and is 
now finishing a third. She says, “I illus¬ 
trate my books and I am the only writer 
who does that or has ever done it.” 

The origin of the “Kewpies,” which have 
helped to make her famous, and which have 



Rose O'Neill 


117 


outshone in popularity the Brownies, the 
Kate Greenaway Children, and the Sun- 
bonnet Babies, came about in rather an un¬ 
usual way. Miss O’Neill tells that about 
four years ago while she was illustrating 
love stories for the Ladies’ Home Journal, 
for head and tail pieces she made fat naked 
little cupids, “doing things appropriate to 
the stories,” and on each little head she put 
a sort of top-knot much like a turnip point. 
Finally, Mr. Bok, the editor, cut one out 
and sent it to her, asking her to make up a 
series of the little figures, and saying he 
would have some verses written to go with 
them. Miss O’Neill answered that she 
would make the verses and the illustrations 
also, which she did, calling the merry little 
sprites “Kewpies,” which she explains is 
baby talk for Cupid. The little girl who ap¬ 
pears in the verses and accompanies the 
“Kewpies” on their larks is “Little Asunta.” 
They appeared but three times in the Home 
Journal when she went to the Woman’s 
Home Companion, with which magazine she 
has since been. Of the “Kewpies” she says: 
“I aim to have them benevolent and philan¬ 
thropic, teaching kindliness and funniness, 
for of course you can’t be kind without be¬ 
ing funny.” 

It is said that for several years the in¬ 
come from her drawings and stories has 



118 


Representative Women 


been pouring- in at the rate of twenty thou¬ 
sand dollars a year, and within the last few 
months she has designed and had made in 
Germany a “Kewpie” doll, which if one can 
judge by the royalties of the first few weeks 
promises to bring her a fortune in itself. 

Rose O’Neill has been twice married, her 
second husband being Harry Leon Wilson, 
the author, whose early books she illus¬ 
trated. 

Though she has no children of her own, 
she is in truth the mother of all the happy, 
rollicking picture babies she has sent out 
into the world. She spends about half of 
her time in New York and abroad and the 
other half in her home among the hills. 

Truly Rose O’Neill has fulfilled the 
prophecy of the oft quoted, “If a man can 
write a better book, preach a better sermon 
or make a better mouse trap than his neigh¬ 
bor, though he build his house in the woods, 
the world will make a beaten path to his 
door.” So because she paints beautiful pic¬ 
tures, is a world-famous illustrator and can 
make thousands forget their woes and laugh 
at her verses and imaginations and, though 
she has chosen to place her home and her 
work-shop in a wilderness which is almost 
inaccessible, interviewers come uncomplain¬ 
ingly half way across the continent for a 
few moments’ chat with her and a glimpse 



Rose O’Neill 


119 


into her lovely home. To one of those who 
came from one of the country’s large news¬ 
papers, standing in her door and looking 
out into the peaceful sunshine, she said, “I 
love these hills better than any spot on 
earth. Here I have done my best work. 
Here in the Ozarks, I want to live and to 
die and be buried out there beneath the big 
oak tree where we buried my beloved 
brother.” 



ABASTENIA EBERLE. 

“A sculptor who has caught the American rhythm ” 

We have become so accustomed to the 
classic forms of beauty in sculpture that it 
is with some surprise we find ourselves held 
in the close fascination of a new interpre¬ 
tation of art by an American sculptor, 
Abastenia St. Leger Eberle. 

Miss Eberle’s subjects are “divided be¬ 
tween the sociological and the lyrical” and 
her best known works, which are of happy, 
care-free, dancing children, have been aptly 
named “rag-time in bronze.” Many of her 
subjects are from New York’s East side and 
she has portrayed them as she found them, 
in the happy abandon of play or lost in the 
intensity of work. She has reproduced them 
with such realism that one feels the very 
motion and rhythm of their dancing feet and 
almost hears the swish of the short skirt in 
the bird-like flight of “The Roller Skate 
Girl.” 

She explains briefly her reason for choos¬ 
ing subjects from every-day life. “It is the 
beauty that is in the world today that ap¬ 
peals to me—not what may have existed 
centuries ago in Greece. Though I love 
the art of the past, I will not shut my eyes 
to the present and continue to echo the 
past. No matter how ugly the present I 
would rather live in it. We are trying to 
put new wine into new bottles—Greek vases 



PHOTOGRAPH BY CLARENCE WHITE 


ABASTENIA EBERLE 








Abastenia Eberle 


123 


are about worn out.” 

We are told that Miss Eberle was born 
in Iowa but spent most of her childhood in 
Canton, Ohio, and when quite young took 
up music with the idea of making it her life 
work, but before long another artistic tal¬ 
ent asserted itself and when not practicing 
she was nearly always to be found in the 
garden back of the house “pinching up clay 
masks.” The only statues she had an op¬ 
portunity to study were in the cemetery 
just outside the city and she was soon con¬ 
vinced that if she intended becoming a 
sculptor, she must join a class in modeling. 
As there was no such class in the city, she 
set about to organize one. She found an 
instructor who agreed to take a class of 
not less than ten, persisted until she had 
the required number interested and for two 
years, until she left the city herself, prac¬ 
tically held the class together. 

Her father, who was an army surgeon, 
was later stationed in Porto Rico; for three 
years she modeled there in summer and studied 
in winter at the Art Students’ League in New 
York, where she won enough money in prizes 
and scholarships to pay her tuition while there. 

At the League she worked with George 
Gray Barnard and feels that she owes much 
to him as he advised her against studying 



124 


Representative Women 


in Europe, where in all probability much 
academic polish and accomplished technique 
would have robbed her of her "native crea¬ 
tive genius.” 

Later she met Miss Anne Vaughn Hyatt, 
another sculptor of prominence, and to¬ 
gether they have produced many note¬ 
worthy groups, their first being "Men and 
Bull,” which won a medal at the St. Louis 
Exposition. 

While a student at the League, Miss 
Eberle’s mind was constantly filled with 
the questions and problems of the times, 
although her work in the school was along 
the "well marked highways of classical 
antiquity.” Miss Eberle says that while a 
student, she used to make "little journeys” 
to the East side, where she saw its children 
at play and at work, and found a new world, 
one of poverty, wickedness and deprivation, 
and she says, "then my awakening came. 
I broke away from the archaic and realized 
at last that right here and right now there 
was too much to be lost to my art for me 
to pass it by.” So, her deep love for chil¬ 
dren and keen appreciation of life led her 
to seek and bring to notice subjects which 
hitherto had been but little portrayed. 

In 1907 Miss Eberle’s "Roller Skate 
Girl” was purchased by the Metropolitan 
Museum and her figure of the veiled Salome 



Abastenia Eberle 


125 


was bought by an art society in Venice. 
Her “Windy Doorstep” was awarded the 
Helen Foster Barnett prize at the New 
York exhibit in 1910, and she has the dis¬ 
tinction of being one of the ten women 
members of the National Sculpture Society. 

The years 1907 and 1908 she spent in 
Naples, Italy, where much to the curiosity 
and wonder of the large-eyed Italians, she 
controlled a factory of fifteen men and there 
cast in bronze twenty of her works. 

One of the most poignant and far-reach¬ 
ing of her works is “The White Slave,” 
which was shown recently at the Interna¬ 
tional Art Exhibit in New York. The com¬ 
position was worked out four years ago, 
but the actual work was done in four weeks 
before the opening of the exhibit. “The 
White Slave” needs no name, for one feels 
at once the poison and degradation of the 
male figure who is offering for sale the 
white innocence of the child by his side and 
its significance holds one in a way that no 
amount of writing or discussion could do. 
It is as though one of the vital questions of 
the day had been cast into a living, breath¬ 
ing thing and one could feel the very poison 
of its breath. 

Although Miss Eberle has brought to 
notice through her figures much of the darker 
side of life, many of her works bespeak the 



126 


Representative Women 


brighter and happier moments, in which one 
beholds the purely artistic. She has a com¬ 
plete knowledge of her work and has the 
ability to bring forth her ideas with a mas¬ 
terfulness which makes her one of the fore¬ 
most women of the day. 




SARAH BERNHARDT 


MAUDE ADAMS 


JULIA MARLOWE 





MAUDE ADAMS. 

“The idol of the English speaking people 

“The idol of the English speaking peo¬ 
ple” is one of the attributes applied to Maude 
Adams, the American actress. Miss Adams 
is an idol whom the public remembers and 
worships without having her constantly be¬ 
fore its notice, through advertisements and 
interviews, and considering that she is a 
celebrity of such wide range, it is surpris¬ 
ing that there is less known about her pri¬ 
vate life, her tastes and personal opinions, 
than of almost any other well-known per¬ 
sonage. 

Miss Adams is known chiefly through 
her work, which is her earnest desire, the 
public having watched devotedly her de¬ 
velopment and achievements, but beyond 
that it is nearly all surmise. 

Although so very little has been written 
about her, one does not get the idea that 
she is at all a mysterious person, or that 
her silence and steadfast refusal to talk 
about herself or give interviews is an af¬ 
fected aloofness from a public which has 
been most appreciative of her, but rather 
the silence of a very busy and much occu¬ 
pied woman. 

One might truthfully say that Maude 
Adams has been an actress all her life, for 
she made her first appearance on the stage 
when she was but nine months old, having 


130 


Representative Women 


the title role in a piece called “The Lost 
Child.” 

She was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 
in 1872. Her father, James Kiskadden, was 
of Irish descent and her mother, who was 
of New England parentage, was an actress 
and known on the stage by her maiden 
name, Annie Adams. She was the leading 
woman in a stock company in Salt Lake City, 
when her daughter was born. 

After Maude Adams was seven years old 
she played children's parts with J. K. Em- 
mit and James O'Neill. She made her debut 
when fifteen years old, leaving school much 
against the wishes of her professor, who 
was anxious for her to become a teacher 
and who promised her a successful career in 
that work. 

By the time she was nineteen years old 
she had gained an experience and knowledge 
of the stage that qualified her to become 
the leading woman at the Empire Theater 
and then to support John Drew, which next 
to being a successful star was the highest 
position then open to an American actress. 
She filled this position for five years. 

When James N. Barrie, the English nov¬ 
elist, visited New York and saw Maude 
Adams in “Rosemary,” he at once “recog¬ 
nized her charm and quality,” and later 
dramatized “The Little Minister” with her 



Maude Adams 


131 


in mind. After that long and never-to-be- 
forgotten run, she rejoined John Drew for a 
season and in 1903, after several notable pro¬ 
ductions, she suffered a physical breakdown 
and was forced to leave the stage for several 
years. 

In 1905 she returned in “Op o’Me 
Thumb’’ and then brought the public the 
beautiful and adorable “Peter Pan,” which 
she played until 1907, with a few perform¬ 
ances of several of her former successes. 

In 1909 she opened with “What Every 
Woman Knows,” playing it continuously 
until she produced “Chanticleer” in January, 
1911. During the run of “What Every 
Woman Knows” she gave a wonderful and 
spectacular performance of Schiller’s “Joan 
of Arc” in the Stadium of Harvard Uni¬ 
versity and proved her executive ability by 
taking an active part in the producing of 
the play. In June of 1910 she gave “As 
You Like It” in the Greek Theater of the 
University of California. 

Although Miss Adams stopped school 
at an age when other girls are but begin¬ 
ning to realize the meaning of education, 
she has never ceased studying and in her 
spare moments has educated herself beyond 
the average woman who has had every ad¬ 
vantage. She is a good French scholar, 
knows Latin and much of Mathematics, 



132 


Representative Women 


History and Economics. She is a good 
amateur musician and knows the literature 
of the stage thoroughly. 

She has never played in London “for 
obvious business reasons,” as her popularity 
in the United States and Canada has more 
than warranted her staying on this side of 
the water. 

It is said that Miss Adams’ charities to 
unfortunate actresses are numerous but unob¬ 
trusive. Although she has even taken them 
into her home until they were well enough 
to work or until they found engagements, she 
seldom asks managers to place them and never 
unless she has seen them act and knows their 
ability. 

Miss Adams has almost no social life, 
for her work is first above all things and if 
she herself is the idol of the American peo¬ 
ple, then her work is her idol and she will¬ 
ingly forsakes all else for it. 



JULIA MARLOWE. 

A woman whom men and women admire equally. 

Julia Marlowe, whose real name is Sarah 
Frances Frost, was born in the village of Cald- 
beck, Cumber landshire, England, in 1870. 
She comes of purely English ancestry, as both 
parents and grandparents were born and 
reared in England. 

Sarah was the second in a family of four 
children and when she was about five years 
old her parents joined a party of colonists and 
came to America, went west and settled in 
the farming country near Kansas City, Kan¬ 
sas, later moving to that city, where Sarah 
attended the public schools. Two years after¬ 
ward they moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where 
she grew to womanhood. 

When she was about eleven years old, 
Colonel R. E. J. Miles, a theatrical manager, 
porduced a number of light operas, choosing 
for the chorus children from the public schools 
and in this juvenile organization Sarah, under 
her mother’s maiden name of Frances Brough, 
was an enthusiastic member. The chorus was 
in charge of Miss Ada Dow, an actress of 
ability and discernment, and Sarah soon came 
under her special notice. 

By the time Sarah was fourteen years old 
life at home had become very unpleasant, as 
there was now a step-father who was not at 
all in sympathy with her ambition, and with 
her mother’s consent she went to make her 
home with Miss Dow. 


134 


Representative Women 


Miss Dow, who had confidence in the 
little girl’s ability, laid out a systematic course 
of training which was carried out rigorously 
for three years. Sarah was set to learn the 
classics and the three years were devoted to 
the mastering of four roles—Juliet, Viola, 
Parthenia and Julia—in “The Hunchback.” 
Also, there were fencing lessons as well as 
swimming and rowing lessons which served 
to keep her in splendid physical condition. 

It was resolved that Sarah should make 
her first appearance in New York and Miss 
Dow, with her own enthusiasm, interested a 
number of her friends. A stage name had to 
be chosen and many were the lists which were 
made up and reviewed. Finally the name 
Julia Marlowe was suggested jointly by 
George Fuller and George Ryer, both writers. 

Next Miss Dow undertook the expense 
of a matinee for her protege, who appeared 
as Parthenia in “Ingomar,” which was a pro¬ 
nounced success and was followed by attract¬ 
ive offers from theatrical managers, all of 
which were declined. Miss Dow was de¬ 
termined to demonstrate further Miss Mar¬ 
lowe’s ability, so she rented the Star Theater 
for a week, engaged a good company and 
the four roles in which the young girl had 
been so carefully coached were given to a 
public and critics, who unreservedly declared 
themselves more than satisfied. More offers 



Julia Marlowe 


135 


poured in but were also declined and at last 
Mr. Falk, a photoghapher who had taken 
many pictures of the young actress, advanced 
fifteen thousand dollars and a four years’ con¬ 
tract was signed. 

Miss Marlowe’s career was not by any 
means meteoric, nor did she progress by leaps 
or bounds, but her popularity grew steadily 
and the year 1896 found her established in 
New York as a recognized actress. 

In 1894 she married Robert Traber, with 
whom she had played for several seasons, 
but after two or three years they were sep¬ 
arated and were divorced in 1899. 

In 1904 Miss Marlowe and E. H. Sothern 
became co-stars, appearing in Shakespearian 
plays. During 1907 they appeared also in 
Percy Mackaye’s “Joan 0 f Arc,” Sudermann’s 
“John the Baptist,” and Haupmann’s “The 
Sunken Bell.” Several years ago the co- 
stars became husband and wife and have de¬ 
voted themselves to Shakespearian repertoire, 
gaining new fame and wider recognition with 
each season. 

Aside from Miss Marlowe’s beauty, she 
has a sweet and very musical voice and is de¬ 
scribed as a woman whom men and women 
admire equally. She is a great reader and has 
a fine library in her attractive home and it 
is said that because of her love for books one 
summer which she spent in Germany was 



136 


Representative Women 


occupied in learning book-binding from a 
venerable German craftsman. 

Critics declare her “Rosalind” to be the 
most charming, her “Viola” the most poetic, 
her “Imogen” the most tender, and her 
“Juliet,” the first Shakespearian role she ever 
learned, the most wonderful. 

Miss Marlowe has worked to gain the 
reputation she holds upon the stage and she 
has been quoted as saying: “I never needed 
the spur. Nobody deluded me with the assur¬ 
ance that I was a genius. Indeed, the con¬ 
trary impression was steadfastly enforced and 
I secretly decided that I might make myself 
a genius, if I worked hard enough.” 



SARAH BERNHARDT. 

“The World's Actress” 

With all due respect to her many biog¬ 
raphers and to the “Memoirs” of the Divine 
Sarah, there is a keen disappointment await¬ 
ing one who goes in search of a direct and 
straightforward history of the great French 
actress. 

The biographers and Madame Bernhardt 
herself skip nimbly over dates and the many 
essential facts needed by one ascertaining au¬ 
thentic material and the reader is soon lost in 
a maze of events which fly by one much like 
the bluring landscape seen from the windows 
of a swiftly moving train. 

During the days of the Commune of 1871, 
the public records in several districts of Paris 
were burned and among them was the book 
in which the birth of Sarah Bernhardt was 
recorded. Eighteen hundred forty-four or 
forty-five is the date given and the place, the 
Latin Quarter in Paris. 

Her mother, Mademoiselle Julie Bernhardt, 
who is said to have been born in Berlin, was 
a Jewess of rare beauty. She moved with her 
parents to Amsterdam, but life at home being 
dull, she persuaded her sister, Rose, to ac¬ 
company her, and at fifteen went to Paris 
and, so the story goes, never returned. 

Of Sarah’s father, it is said that he saw 
to it that the child was baptized and seemed to 
feel that there his duties ended, though in her 


138 


Representative Women 


“Memoirs,” Madame Bernhardt refers to him 
as having- visited her several times at the con¬ 
vent to which she was sent, when a child. 

Her first impressions, she says, were of the 
nurse and the nurse's home where she was 
sent when quite small, but that she was so 
homesick and so unhappy she was at last taken 
to her mother’s home to live. 

When she was twelve years old she was 
sent to the Augustinian Convent at Grand- 
champs, Versailles, and here she was a little 
nun and a terror by turns to those about her. 

Reading beneath the crisp statement of 
bare facts, there is a childish tragedy of lone¬ 
liness, when she says, “I was both reserved 
and fractious. My mother had little love for 
me, she preferred my sisters,” and a wave of 
pity rushes over one, for the little high-strung, 
over-wrought bundle of nerves. One writer 
says, “she wanted for nothing in her child¬ 
hood except the intelligent guidance and con¬ 
trol of which she stood most in need.” 

Her childhood history seems to have been 
a succession of exhibitions of temper, after 
which she was always repentant and exhausted 
to the extent that she was left very weak, and 
on several occasions was thrown into illnesses, 
which almost cost her her life. These violent 
fits of giving way to her emotions appear to 
have lasted always, and there seems to have 
been no attempt on her part to control herself. 



Sarah Bernhardt 


139 


Years after maturity was reached she allowed 
herself such childish fancies as wishing to 
die to distress someone she disliked, and on 
one occasion, in order to enrage a manager, 
she decided to actually die at the close of one 
of the scenes, “to faint, to vomit blood/' but 
as the curtain descended and applause broke 
over the threater, she forgot all about dying 
and before she realized what was happening, 
found herself in the act of smilingly acknowl¬ 
edging the curtain call. 

After leaving the convent she had a great 
desire to become a nun, but her family held a 
council and decided to make an actress of her, 
and she entered the Conservatoire much 
against her will. She was very timid and the 
stage held no attractions for her. Given her 
choice, she would have preferred to study 
painting, but her path was already marked out 
for her. . 

At the examination for entrance into the 
Conservatoire she recited the fable of “The 
Two Pigeons." Later, at the first competitive 
examination, she took the second prize for 
tragedy and in the last year she took the sec¬ 
ond prize for comedy. 

Her first engagement was for the Comedie' 
Francais and she made her debut on Septem¬ 
ber 1st, 1862, and as she says, “got through 
the play, but was very insignificant in my 
part." She did not remain there long, how- 



140 


Representative Women 


ever, as she soon lost her temper and flew 
into one of her rages, slapped one of the more 
important actresses, threw over her engage¬ 
ment and went to Spain. She spent some 
months there in travel and was planning to 
live there, when she received word that her 
mother was very ill, so returned to Paris. 

Her next engagement was at the Odeon 
Theatre. From then on Madame Bernhardt's 
future was assured and her wonderful achieve¬ 
ments fill several volumes. 

She has been credited with perhaps more 
eccentricities than all the other geniuses put 
together, which the world has known. No 
doubt some of them are true, but many of 
them must be pure exaggeration, for a woman 
who has accomplished such wonders could not 
possibly give up so much of her time to petty 
indulgences. 

About 1882 Madame Bernhardt married 
M. Damala, a member of her company who 
had formally been in the Greek diplomatic 
service, but after a few months the public was 
not at all surprised to learn that they had 
separated. 

Madame Bernhardt has made a number of 
farewell tours to the United States, the sev¬ 
enth and last, so far, being during the past 
year, when she appeared in vaudeville at 
popular prices. 

She has been called “the gutter child of 



Sarah Bernhardt 


141 


genius,” and the same writer says of her, “she 
deserves all she has won and her career has 
been her justification. The eager little Jewess 
with the diablerie in her eyes, ungifted in 
feature and rather awkward in frame, working 
her way up through never-ending assiduous 
efforts, cultivating to its utmost every talent, 
and developing the woman through all.” 



ELLEN KEY. 

“Memento vivere”—Remember to Live . 

Not far from Stockholm, Sweden, down 
in the Southern part at Alvastra beside 
beautiful Lake Wettern lives Ellen Key, a 
woman who is one of the chief representa¬ 
tives of some of the most vital movements 
of the day. 

Recognized as the leading Scandinavian 
woman writer, this great teacher, lecturer, 
famous reformer and author, sends out her 
messages from the calm and quiet of her 
country home, messages which are imme¬ 
diately translated and widely read by almost 
every other thinking country. 

A glance into her warm-hearted, wom¬ 
anly face and a glimpse into her charming 
home and one can better understand Ellen 
Key and her work. She was born in 1849, 
the daughter of Emil Key of Scotch origin, 
and of the Countess Sophia Posse, who was 
a Scandinavian. She received her education 
in her parent’s home under the guidance of 
her father, who was a distinguished Swedish 
parliamentarian, and her mother, who came 
of an old and honorable family and early 
taught the little Ellen that “the main ques¬ 
tions for you are the questions of your own 
soul.” 

She loved the out of doors and was 
taught to run, row and ride with her boy 
companions, sharing in all their games, and 



PHOTOGRAPH BY ELLEN KEY 


SELMA JACOBSSON. STOCKHOLM 








Ellen Key 


145 


for her mental companions she had Shake¬ 
speare, Goethe, Rosseau and the greatest 
modern thinkers and writers. 

The accompanying picture* of Ellen Key 
was taken when she was quite young and, as 
she says, “from the time of my life when I 
had not the slightest idea that anybody should 
hear about me in the world outside my own 
country.” One may gaze long into the gentle 
girlish face and read there a calm security of 
youthful convictions which is explained by 
Miss Key, who says she was then “just be¬ 
ginning to write seriously, to lecture, to live!” 

When she was twenty-three years old she 
accompanied her father, as his secretary, on 
his journeys to European courts and became 
acquainted with people of all classes. In 
1880 her father suffered great financial loss 
and she began teaching, occupying the chair 
of History of Civilization in the University 
of Stockholm for twenty years. Four years 
after entering the school she began to lec¬ 
ture at the Workingmen's Institute and in 
1870 she had begun to write articles for 
various journals. After she left the school 
she went abroad and made several lectur¬ 
ing tours. “The Century of the Child" 
is her most widely read book, while “Love 


♦This picture was reproduced from a photograph which 
Ellen Key selected for “Representative Women.” 




146 


Representative Women 


and Marriage/’ “The Morality of Woman” 
and “Love and Ethics” are perhaps as well 
known in this and other countries as in her 
own. 

In the last few years she has been able 
to realize the dream of her busy work-life, 
a real home in the country, amid scenes 
which for many reasons are dear to her. To 
one who had the great privilege of visiting 
her in this home surrounded by her books 
and pictures and treasures which go to 
make up the intimate life of Ellen Key, she 
told, all in the best of English, of her life, 
her travels, her ambitions and the great 
happiness which had come to her in the 
realization of this home, through the suc¬ 
cess of her books. 

When asked why it was that though she 
had never married she had such a keen 
knowledge of children, she told in a few 
brief sentences, how it had come about. “I 
have been much with children, though it was 
never given to me to have children of my 
own. As a girl, of course I dreamed of hav¬ 
ing a home, husband, and children, but I 
have never had love, nor children, nor fam¬ 
ily”—there was a pause pathetic beyond 
measure, then she ended stoically, “it was 
not so. In the schools, in my work, I have 
met many children. How my heart ached 
for some of them. Parents so little under- 



Ellen Key 


147 


stand their children. It is the parents who 
must be educated rather than the children.” 

She believes that every girl should have 
at least one year of home training, domestic 
science and training of children, just as boys 
in other countries are required to do mili¬ 
tary service, also that better regulating of 
education or better conditions for marrying 
in the United States will not be obtained 
until women are permitted to vote, and so 
one gets at the real heart interest of this 
woman. 

Ellen Key is a woman who is anxious for 
the freedom of women, and there is nothing 
more sacred to her than freedom, freedom of 
thought, the right of personal opinion and de¬ 
velopment. 

Her dream home, which has come true, 
was planned by herself and is typical of her. 
When one enters the great wide hall, one 
is confronted by a motto which stands out 
clearly on the plain white wall, “Memento 
vivere”—Remember to Live. On another 
wall is a large map of Lake Wettern, above 
which is a sentence from the Finnish poet 
Rumberg, which gave her the name 
“Strand” for her home. “Dar livets haf 
oss gett en strand”—Where the sea of life 
has given us a shore. What more perfect 
interpretation of home than the safe haven 
in the sea of life where frail human barks 



148 


Representative Women 


may take refuge from the heaviest storms 
that blow? 

To the left as one enters are two large 
rooms that take up the entire width of the 
building, the dining-room and library, which 
are connected by an arch. Above is Ellen 
Key's own room and there are also guest 
rooms which are fitted with every luxury and 
convenience for their occupants. In each room 
is painted a mystic symbol. 

This “Strand,” this shore against which 
the storms may beat in vain, is to go on 
being a shelter and abiding spot long after 
Ellen Key is done with it forever. She 
has planned an unusual and fitting future 
for it and is indebted to a little Swedish 
laundress, who has since come to America, 
for the idea. “Poor people do not envy 
the rich, they envy them their opportunities 
for study and culture,” philosophized the 
little laundress, and so Ellen Key straight¬ 
way started in Stockholm “social evenings.” 
Women of culture and refinement come to 
talk to working women, telling them of 
beautiful things in art and literature and 
helping those who desire it to get a start 
in the wonder world of learning. 

She has planned to leave her home to 
working women, so that each year from 
April until October they may come to it 
for a month's rest as guests of Ellen Key, 



Ellen Key 


149 


the remaining months the house is to be- idle 
as a vacation to the housekeeper. Every¬ 
thing is to be left as Ellen Key is using it 
now, furniture, books and pictures, and the 
women are to come four at a time so there 
will be nothing of the barracks order about it, 
but a place of rest and recreation with the 
true atmosphere of a home. 

Ellen Key is alarmed at the growing 
restlessness of women to push themselves 
into men’s work and she is doubtful as to 
the sincerity of the modern woman to do 
"work.” She is afraid it is only a nervous 
craving urged on by outside influence, her 
own soul not being sufficient to bear her 
company. She seems to be afraid that if 
she stays at home two days in succession 
she is being buried alive and must rush out¬ 
side her home for fresh excitement. 

In "Love and Ethics” she says, "It is an 
indisputable fact that if the majority of 
women no longer had the calm and repose 
to abide at the source of life, but wanted to 
navigate all the seas with men, the sex con¬ 
trasts would resolve themselves not into 
harmony, but into monotony. Until women 
come to recognize this it must still be in¬ 
sisted that the gain to society is nothing if 
millions of women do the work that men 
could do better and evade or fulfil but 
poorly the greater tasks of life and happi- 



150 


Representative Women 


ness, the creation of men and the creation 
of souls.” 

In Germany Ellen Key has been the 
most talked about and written about of any 
woman in years. Her photographs appear 
in shops, on post cards and in magazines 
almost like magic and sell as if she were a 
royal personage, and her books are trans¬ 
lated into German almost as soon as they 
are printed. She is a voice “at once very 
radical and very pure.” Many, while they 
do not doubt the sincerity of her teachings, 
feel that they are dangerous, but those who 
understand her philosophy find that they 
are wholly in accord with natural laws. She 
is a firm believer in the happiness of the 
human race, but also that happiness will 
come only by doing right and that it will 
cease when it infringes on another’s happi¬ 
ness or rights. She knows that only the 
greatest good comes from the greatest 
struggles, and her one desire is that all men, 
women and children shall have the oppor¬ 
tunity for individual struggle and growth. 

So, at sixty-four, she who has seen 
much, has traveled far, who has read widely 
and thought deeply, still makes her plea for 
better, higher thinking, purer, cleaner living 
and believes fully that the world is dawning 
upon a brighter future than it has yet seen. 
Truly, Ellen Key has “remembered to live.” 



List of Notable Women 


ALMA-TADEMA, Miss Lau¬ 
rence T., painter; born in 
England; home, “The Fair 
Haven/’ Wittersham, Kent, 
England. 

ANDREWS, Mary Raymond 
Shipman, author; “The 
Perfect Tribute,” a Lincoln 
appreciation is even now a 
classic; home, 404 Oak St., 
Syracuse, N. Y. 

ATHERTON, Gertrude 
Franklin, author; born, San 
Francisco, Calif.; address, 
care of The Macmillan Co., 
New York. 

BARRYMORE, Ethel (Mrs. 
Russell Griswold Colt), ac¬ 
tress; born, Philadelphia, 
Pa.; address, 46 E. 34th St., 
New York. 

BEACH, Mrs. H. H. A., com¬ 
poser ; born, Henniker, N. 
H.; address, 28 Common¬ 
wealth Ave., Boston, Mass. 

BEAUX, Celia, painter; 
born, Philadelphia, Pa; 
home (May to December), 
Gloucester, Mass. 

BURNETT, Frances Hodg¬ 
son, (Mrs. Stephen Town¬ 
send), author; born, Man¬ 
chester, Eng.; home, Plane- 
dome, L. I., N. Y. 

BURNHAM, Clara Louise, 

author; born, Newton, 
Mass.; address, The Elms 
Hotel, E. 53rd St. and Cor¬ 
nell Ave., Chicago, Ill. 

CALVE, Emma, prima don¬ 
na; born in France; home, 
Chateau Cabrieres, Cevan- 
nes, France. 


CAMERON, Margaret 

(Lewis), author; born, Ot¬ 
tawa, Ill.; a gifted pianist 
and accompanist, besides 
being a writer of many 
stories and plays; address, 
567 W. 113th St., New York 
City, N. Y. 

CANNON, Annie Jump, as¬ 
tronomer; born, Dover, 
Del.; home, 291 Huron 
Ave., Cambridge, Mass. 

CARRENO, Teresa, pianist; 
born, Caracas, Venezuela; 
home, 28 Kurfurstendam, 
Berlin, W., Germany. 

CARSON, Norma Bright, au¬ 
thor, editor, poet; born, 
Philadelphia; address, 5449 
Spruce St., Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

CHITTENDEN, Kate, organ¬ 
ist; home, 212 W. 59th St., 
New York. 

COLTON, Elizabeth Sweet- 
ster, Orientalist; born, 
Amherst, Mass.; has stud¬ 
ied 54 languages carefully, 
20 critically, speaks 6 lan¬ 
guages fluently; lectures on 
Oriental subjects; address, 
23 Park St., Easthampton, 
Mass. 

*COULEVAIN, Perre de, 

novelist; discovered to be 
Mile. Favre; died since this 
list was compiled, in Swit¬ 
zerland. 

CUTTING, Mary Stewart, 

author; born, New York; 
short stories and serial 
novels ; address, East 
Orange, N. J. 



EAMES, Emma, prima don¬ 
na; born of American par¬ 
entage, Shanghai, China; 
home, 7 Place des Etate 
Unis, Paris, France. 

ESCHENBACH, Maria Ebnes 

(Baroness), novelist; born, 
Countess Dudsky, Maravia, 
83 years ago; the greatest 
woman writing fiction in 
Germany; the “Dean of Lit¬ 
erary Vienna”; home, 
Spiegelgasse, Vienna, Aus¬ 
tria and Zdislavits in Ma¬ 
ravia. 

FARRAR, Geraldine, prima 
donna; born, Melrose, 
Mass.; address, Metropoli¬ 
tan Opera House, New 
York. 

FISHER, Dorothea Canfield, 

author; born, Lawrence, 
Kas.; home, Arlington, Vt. 

FISHER, Mrs. Clark, business 
woman; knows the anvil 
and vise business in detail; 
has the Panama Canal con¬ 
tract and is the only woman 
member of the National As¬ 
sociation of Manufacturers; 
is a recognized “captain of 
industry’ with a fortune 
amounting well up into six 
figures; summer address, 
“Villa Carlotta,” Lake Co¬ 
mo, Italy. 

FISKE, Minnie Maddern, 

actress; born, New Orleans, 
La.; home, 12 W. 40th St., 
New York. 

GADSKI, Johanna, prima 
donna; born in Prussia; ad¬ 
dress, Metropolitan Opera 
House, New York. 

GALE, Zona, author; born, 
Portage, Wis.; home, Port¬ 
age. Wis. 


GARRISON, Theodosia 
Pickering, author, poet; 
born, Newark, N. J.; home, 
71 W. 88th St., New York. 

GLASGOW, Ellen Ander¬ 
son, novelist; born, Rich¬ 
mond, Va.; home, 1 W. 
Main St., Richmond, Va. 

GILMAN, Charlotte Perkins, 

philosopher, author, lectur¬ 
er; editor of “The Fore¬ 
runner”; born, Hartford, 
Conn.; especially identified 
with the labor question and 
the advance of women; 
address, 223 Riverside 
Drive, New York. 

GREEN, Elizabeth Shippen, 

(Mrs. Huger Elliott), art¬ 
ist, illustrator; born, Phil¬ 
adelphia ; home, 24 Concord 
Ave., Cambridge, Mass. 

GREGORY, Lady Augusta, 

critic, author, essayist; 
Irish; address, Coole Park, 
Gort Co., Galway, Ireland. 

HALL, Marie, violinist; born, 
Newcastle-on-Tyne; address 
care of E. L. Robinson, 7 
Wigmore St., West, Lon¬ 
don, Eng. 

HAMILTON, Alice, bacteri¬ 
ologist; born, New York; 
address, Hull House, Chi¬ 
cago, Ill. 

HOMER, Louise Beatty, pri¬ 
ma donna; born, Pitts¬ 
burgh, Pa.; home, 13 E. 
64th St., New York. 

HOPEKIRK, Helen, pianist, 
composer; born, Edinburgh, 
Scotland; home, 169 Wal¬ 
nut St., Brookline, Mass. 

HOPKINS, Ellen Dunlap, 

philanthropist; born, New 


York; founder the N. Y. 
School of Applied Design 
for Women, 1892; home, 
127 E. 29th St., New York. 

HUBBARD, Alice, author, 
editorial writer, business 
manager of the Roycroft- 
ers; born, Wales, N. Y.; 
home East Aurora, N. Y. 

HYATT, Anna Vaughn, 

sculptor; born, Cambridge, 
Mass.; home, Annesquam, 
Mass. 

JACKSON, Leonora, violin¬ 
ist; born, Boston, Mass.; 
home, London. 

JOHNSTON, Mary, author; 
born, Buchanan, Va.; ad¬ 
dress, Richmond, Va. 

JORDAN, Elizabeth, writer, 
editor; born, Milwaukee, 
Wis.; some years editor of 
Harper’s Bazaar, now as¬ 
sociated with Harper’s Pub¬ 
lishing Co.; home, 36 
Gramercy Park, New York, 
N. Y. 

KASEBIER, Gertrude, photo¬ 
grapher; born, Des Moines, 
Iowa; has exhibited all over 
Europe, in South America 
and U. S.; has received 
numerous awards; studio, 
315 Fifth Ave., New York 
City, N. Y. 

KELLER, Helen Adams, au¬ 
thor; born, Tuscumbia, 
Ala.; deaf and blind since 
19 months old; graduate of 
Radcliffe College; address, 
Wretham, Mass. 

KING, Virginia Ann, real 
estate and farming; born, 
Greenville, Tex.; owner of 


the King Estate, compris¬ 
ing 18,000 acres; address, 
Greenville, Texas. 

KINNEY, Margaret West, il¬ 
lustrator, decorator; born, 
Peoria, Ill.; book illustrator 
in collaboration with her 
husband; address, 15 W. 
67th St., New York. 

LAMB, Ella Condie, artist; 
born, New York; studio, 
360 W. 22nd St., New York. 

LESLIE, Mrs. Frank, editor, 
publisher, writer; born, 
New Orleans, La. ; former¬ 
ly president, editor and 
manager of “Leslies”; now 
writing books and contribut¬ 
ing to European magazines 
exclusively; home, Sherman 
Square Hotel, Broadway 
and 70th St., New York 
City, N. Y. 

LONGMAN, Mary Evelyn, 

sculptor; born, Winchester, 
Ohio; address, 11 E 14th 
St., New York, N. Y. 

LOTZ, Matilda, animal paint¬ 
er; born, Franklin, Tenn.; 
“The Rosa Bonheur of 
America”; address, 9 Rue 
Campagne, Premiere, Paris, 
France. 

MACKUBIN, Florence, art¬ 
ist; born, Florence; ad¬ 
dress (summer), “Oriole 
Cottage,” St. Andrew’s, N. 
B., Canada; (winter), 
“The Brexton,” Baltimore, 
Md. 

MARBURY, Elizabeth, au¬ 
thors’ representative; born, 
New York; home, Ver¬ 
sailles, France; offices, 39 
Rue Caumartin, Paris; 20 
Green St., Leicester Square, 


London; 105 W. 40th St., 
New York. (Mentioned in 
sketch about Miss Elsie De 
Wolfe.) 

MARSDEN, Dora, editor of 
“The Freewoman”; a Lan¬ 
cashire woman. Address, 
London. 

MAURY, Antonia Coetana 
de Paiva Pereira, astron¬ 
omer ; born, Cold-Spring- 
on-Hudson, N. Y.; address, 
Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

MELBA, Nellie, prima don¬ 
na ; born, Helen Porter 
Mitchell, Melbourne, Aus¬ 
tralia ; home 30 Great Cum¬ 
berland Pa., London, W., 
England. 

MEREDITH, Virginia Clay- 
pool, farm management, 
agricultural lecturer; born, 
Fayette Co., Indiana; ad¬ 
dress, Cambridge City, Ind. 

MEYNELL, Alice, poet; spent 
early life in Italy; wife of 
Wilfrid Meynell; home, 2 
“A” Granville Place W., 
London, England. 

MILLER, Olive Thorne, au¬ 
thor, lecturer on birds; 
born, Auburn, N. Y.; home, 
5928 Hays Ave., Los An¬ 
geles, Calif. 

PAGET, Violet (“Vernon 
Lee”), essayist; sometimes 
called “the ablest living 
woman thinker”; English, 
address, St. Palmerino, Ma¬ 
riano, Florence, Italy. 

PANKHURST, Mrs. Emme¬ 
line, militant suffragette; 
English; home, London, 
England. 


PAVLOVA, Anna, dancer; 
born, St. Petersburg, Rus¬ 
sia; home, St. Petersburg, 
Russia. 

PEABODY, Josephine Pres¬ 
ton, author, poet; born, 
New York; home, Cam¬ 
bridge, Mass. 

PERKINS, Janet Russell, 

botanist, writer; born, La¬ 
fayette, Ind.; address, Roy¬ 
al Botanical Museum, Kon- 
igin Louise Str., 6-8, Dahl- 
en, bei Berlin, Germany. 

RANOUS, Dora Knowlton, 

editor, translator; born, 
Ashfield, Mass.; translated 
over 100 volumes from va¬ 
rious languages to the Eng¬ 
lish; address, The National 
Alumni, 34 Union Sq., New 
York City, N. Y. 

REPPLIER, Agnes, author, 
essayist; born, Philadel¬ 
phia, Pa.; address, 2035 
Chestnut St., Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

RICKER, Marilla M., lawyer, 
humanitarian; born, New 
Durham, N. H.; has for 
many years been known as 
the “prisoner’s friend”; 
home, Dover, N. H. 

ROBERTSON, Alice, zoolo¬ 
gist, born, Philadelphia, 
Pa.; home, Wellesley, Mass. 

ROBINS, Elizabeth, author; 
born, Louisville, Ky.; inter¬ 
ested in moral questions and 
the woman movement; ad¬ 
dress, Backset Farm of 
Henfield, Sussex, England. 

ROBINS, Margaret Dreier 

(Mrs. Raymond Robins), 
social economist; born, 


Brooklyn, N. Y.; home, 
1437 W. Ohio St., Chicago, 
Ill. 

ROBINSON, Winifred Jose- 
phine, botanist; born, Barry 
County, Mich.; address, 
Vassar College, Poughkeep¬ 
sie, N. Y. 

ROROR, Sarah Tyson, teach¬ 
er of domestic science, ed¬ 
itor, author; born, Rich- 
boro, Pa.; author of the fa¬ 
mous Roror Cook Book; 
home, Mt. Gretna, Pa. 

SABIN, Florence Rena, anat¬ 
omist, writer; born, Central 
City, Colo.; address, 1431 
Park Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

SCHREINER, Olive (Mrs. S. 
C. Cronwright Schreiner), 
novelist; born, Basutoland; 
home, De Aar, Cape Colony, 
South Africa. 

SCHUMAN-HEINK, Ernes- 
tine, prima donna; born, 
near Prague, Austria; be¬ 
came a naturalized citizen 
of U. S. A., 1908; address, 
care of The Metropolitan 
Opera House, New York. 

SEDGWICK, Anne Douglas 

(Mrs. Basil de Selcourt), 
author; born, Englewood, 
N. J.; her recent very suc¬ 
cessful novel, “Tanta,” has 
been dramatized; home, Far 
End, Kingham, Oxon, Eng¬ 
land. 

SEMBRICH, Marcella, prima 
donna, born in Poland; 
home, Dresden. 

SEMPLE, Ellen Churchill, 

anthropogeographer (an- 
thropogeography is the in¬ 
fluence of geographical con¬ 
ditions upon the develop¬ 


ment of scociety) ; there are 
only three or four investi¬ 
gators in America; born, 
Louisville, Ky.; address, 509 
W. Ormsby Ave., Louisville, 
Ky. 

SHARP, Mrs. John C., own¬ 
er and manager, Hillside 
Farm; born, Hillside Farm, 
Jackson County, Mich.; 
widely known speaker on 
social and civic topics; ad¬ 
dress, Jackson, Mich. 

SHAW, Anna Howard, suf¬ 
fragist, lecturer; born, 
Newcastle-on-Tyne, Eng.; 
the only woman who ever 
preached in Gustav Vasa 
Cathedral, State Church of 
Sweden; home, Moylan, 
Pa.; address, 1706, 505 Fifth 
Ave., New York City, N. Y. 

SHEPHERD, Helen Millet 
Gould, philanthropist; born, 
New York; home, “Lynd- 
hurst,” Irvington-on-Hud- 
son, N. Y., and 579 Fifth 
Ave., New York. 

SHINN, Florence Scovel, il¬ 
lustrator ; born, Camden, N. 
J.; address, 112 Waverly 
Place, New York City, N. Y. 

SMITH, Jessie Wilcox, art¬ 
ist ; born, Philadelphia, 
Pa.; home, “Cogslea,” Allen 
Lane, Philadelphia, Pa. 

SMYTHE, Ethel, conductor; 
home, Coign Hood Heath, 
Woking, England. 

STEPHENS, Alice Barber, 

illustrator, artist; born, near 
Salem, N. J.; home, Moy¬ 
lan, Pa. 

TARBELL, Ida Minerva, ed¬ 
itor and writer; born, Erie 
County, Pa.; address, 132 


E. 19th St., New York City, 
N. Y. 

TERRY, Ellen, actress; born, 
Covington, Eng.; associated 
for 25 years with Henry 
Irving; address, 215 Kings- 
road Chelsea, London, Eng. 

TETRAZZINI, Louisa, prima 
donn; born, Florence, Italy; 
address, Metropolitan Opera 
House, New York. 

THOMAS, Edith Matilda, 

poet, author; born, Chat¬ 
ham, Ohio; home, 2048 7th 
Ave., New York City, N. Y. 

TITCOMB, Virginia Chand¬ 
ler, artist and writer; born, 
Otterville, Ill.; address, 101 
Lafayette Ave., Brooklyn, 
N. Y. 

TYNAN, Katharine (Mrs. K. 
T. Hinkson), poet; novel¬ 
ist; address, Shankill Co., 
Dublin, Ireland. 

WAGNER, Cosima, conduct¬ 
or; born, Germany; wife 
of Richard Wagner and 
daughter of Franz Listz; 
home, Bayreuth, Germany. 

WARD, Mrs. Humphrey, 

novelist; born, Hobart, 
Tasmania; home, 25 Gros- 
venor Place, S. W. Stocks 
House, Tring, England. 

WARREN, Maude Radford, 

author; born, Wolfe Island, 
Canada; address, The Elm 
Hotel, 53d St. and Cornell 
Ave., Chicago, Ill. 

WHITE, Helene Maynard, 

painter; born, Philadelphia; 
home, Overbrook, Pa.; stu¬ 
dio, 1530 Walnut St., Phil¬ 
adelphia, Pa. 


WHITING, Lillian, author, 
editor; born, Niagara Falls, 
N. Y.; address, “The 
Brunswick,” Boston, Mass., 
and Villa Trollope, Flor¬ 
ence, Italy. 

WHITING, Sarah Frances, 

physicist, astronomer; born, 
Wyoming, N. Y.; address, 
Whittin Observatory House, 
Wellesley, Mass. 

WHITNEY, Mary Watson, 

astronomer; born, Wal¬ 
tham, Mass.; Vassar Col¬ 
lege Observatory, Pough¬ 
keepsie, N. Y. 

WIGGIN, Kate Douglas, au¬ 
thor ; born, Philadelphia, 
Pa.; summer home, “Quill- 
cote,” Hollis, Maine; home, 
143 W. 58th St., New York. 

WILCOX, Ella Wheeler, 

poet, author, editorial writ¬ 
er; born, Johnstown Centre, 
Wis.; home, “The Bunga¬ 
low,” Short Beach, Conn. 

WILKINSON, Florence (Mrs. 
W. M. Evans), playwright, 
author, poet; born, Tarry- 
town, N. Y.; address, 10 
Ovington Gardens, London, 
Eng. 

YANDELL, Enid, sculptor; 
born, Louisville, Ky.; home, 
(summer) Edgartown, 
Mass., (winter) 119 E. 19th 
St., New York. 

YOUNG, Ella Flagg, super¬ 
intendent public schools of 
Chicago; born, Buffalo, N. 
Y.; president National As¬ 
sociation Teachers; home, 
2129 Prairie Ave.; office, 
Tribune Building, Chicago, 


6 7 4 










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